Wandering behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities
Purpose of review
Approximately one in four children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ‘elope’ or wander away from supervision each year; however, many caregivers do not receive adequate information on how to address wandering behavior. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available research on elopement frequency, wandering patterns, and interventions to provide pediatricians and other childcare professionals with appropriate strategies to address wandering behavior.
Recent findings
Despite the high prevalence of wandering by children with ASD or other developmental disabilities, there is relati...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: OFFICE PEDIATRICS: Edited by Henry H. Bernstein Source Type: research
Genetic evaluation in children with short stature
Purpose of review
Short stature is a common clinical manifestation in children. Yet, a cause is often unidentifiable in the majority of children with short stature by a routine screening approach. The purpose of this review is to describe the optimal genetic approach for evaluating short stature, challenges of genetic testing, and recent advances in genetic testing for short stature.
Recent findings
Genetic testing, such as karyotype, chromosomal microarray, targeted gene sequencing, or exome sequencing, has served to identify the underlying genetic causes of short stature. When determining which short stature p...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
The link between obesity and puberty: what is new?
The objective of this review is to assess the most recent literature on pubertal trends in boys and girls as well as evaluate genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors implicated in the timing of pubertal progression.
Recent findings
Recent studies confirm the previously described link between increased adiposity and earlier onset of puberty in girls, and more recent studies shed light onto the previously unclear situation in boys as a preponderance of recent longitudinal studies suggests that increased adiposity is linked with earlier pubertal timing also in boys. Discoveries of novel pathways highlights the c...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children
Purpose of review
In this review, we outline the usage and formulations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) in central precocious puberty (CPP), short stature, and gender diverse individuals, as well as adverse effects, long-term outcomes, and monitoring of therapy. There is a particular focus on citing references published within the last 24 months.
Recent findings
Long-acting formulations of GnRHa now include Federal Drug Administration approval for subcutaneous injections. Significant adverse events continue to be rarely reported; extremely rare events include arterial hypertension and pseudo...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
The effects of amiodarone on thyroid function in pediatric and adolescent patients
Purpose of review
Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction is well established. The present review discusses recent literature related to the effects of amiodarone on the thyroid gland and thyroid function in pediatrics.
Recent findings
Current guidelines in adults treated with amiodarone recommend baseline thyroid function testing followed by initiation of thyroid hormone monitoring after 3 months on therapy. Two retrospective studies to evaluate amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in children and young adults reveal thyroid dysfunction as soon as 2 weeks after amiodarone initiation with a greater percentage...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Purpose of review
Great progress has been made in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGLs). This review highlights the new standards in the diagnosis and management of pediatric PPGLs.
Recent findings
The vast majority of pediatric PPGLs have an associated germline mutation, making genetic studies imperative in the work up of these tumors. Somatostatin receptor-based imaging modalities such as 68Ga-DOTATATE and 64Cu-DOTATATE are shown to have the greatest sensitivity in pediatric PPGLs. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapies (PRRTs) such as 177Lu-DOTATATE are ...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
Recent updates in the management of infants and children with hyperinsulinism
Purpose of review
To highlight recent advances in early diagnosis and the changing treatment paradigm for hyperinsulinism (HI) which can result in shorter hospitalizations, higher rates of cure and improved neurological outcome.
Recent findings
Recent literature has shown that following publication of the pediatric endocrinology society guidelines for diagnosing hypoglycemia there have been higher rates of diagnosis of acquired and genetic HI. Studies of neurological outcome have found that poor outcomes are associated with delay between initial hypoglycemia and instigation of treatment for HI, hypoglycemic seiz...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
Editorial: Endocrinology and metabolism
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics)
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Edited by Sally Radovick Source Type: research
Localized hair loss in infancy: a review
Purpose of review
The current review will address the different causes of localized hair loss in infancy. The data presented here will provide clinicians with the latest understanding of different disorders leading to localized hair loss and will provide recommendations for further management of infants who present with alopecia.
Recent findings
Localized hair loss in infancy is common, but its underlying causes vary greatly. Alopecia in infants can be categorized into congenital, genetic, inflammatory, mechanical, and physiologic causes. Decisions regarding further management are complex, as they often involve ...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Common pediatric infestations: update on diagnosis and treatment of scabies, head lice, and bed bugs
Purpose of the review
This review will update pediatric providers on the recent data regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of common skin infestations affecting children and adolescents.
Recent findings
Standard superficial skin biopsy for scabies and the vacuum method for head lice can increase diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. There is growing resistance to some of the traditional treatments for scabies and head lice, and progress has been made in finding newer and potentially more effective treatments, such as oral moxidectin for scabies and abametapir for head lice. Recent studies have estab...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Shared decision making in pediatric dermatology: context, opportunities, and practical examples
This article highlights how to engage in SDM and presents opportunities for research and implementation in pediatric dermatology. (Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics)
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Novel treatments for pediatric atopic dermatitis
Purpose of review
To describe new and emerging therapies for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD).
Recent findings
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of type 2 immunity and interrelationships among the skin immune system, epidermal barrier, and microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD, including in infants and children. These discoveries have translated into more targeted therapy. Crisaborole ointment, a topical phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, and dupilumab, a subcutaneously injected interleukin (IL)-4 receptor inhibitor, are now Food and Drug Administration-approved. Topical agents under invest...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Tinea capitis: advances and a needed paradigm shift
Purpose of review
Tinea capitis, a superficial infection of the scalp, is the most common pediatric dermatophyte fungal infection worldwide and is particularly common in the USA in low-income, low-resource settings. There are still gaps in knowledge and heterogeneities in practice in terms of diagnostic and management strategies. Furthermore, there are no clinical guidelines for management and treatment of tinea capitis in the USA. This review aims to summarize recent advances, recommend optimal management for the practicing pediatrician, and identify areas for future research for tinea capitis.
Recent findings
...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Covid-19 skin manifestations: an update
Purpose of review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease manifesting mainly with dry cough, fever, and pneumonia and can present with a myriad of cutaneous manifestations. This chapter will review SARS-CoV-2 associated cutaneous findings, including incidence and relevance to the pediatric population.
Recent findings
The most commonly reported cutaneous findings described for COVID-19 in adults and children were chilblains-like lesions, followed by maculopapular eruption, urticarial lesions, vesicular lesions, and livedoid lesions. Children can also pre...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
Digital dermatoses: skin disorders engendered by social media in tweens and teens
Purpose of review
Photograph-based social media use among children and adolescents has skyrocketed over the past decade, raising concerns about the implications for self-confidence and behavior in this population. Social media ‘challenges’ encourage participants to complete potentially dangerous tasks while sharing their completion of the tasks on social media. Many of these challenges affect the skin and lead to recognizable findings on physical examination. This review discusses the history of prominent social media challenges and their effects on the skin. Attention is also given to the effects of social media t...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: DERMATOLOGY: Edited by Albert Yan Source Type: research
