Reproducibility and replicability in neuroimaging data analysis
Purpose of review
Machine learning solutions are being increasingly used in the analysis of neuroimaging (NI) data, and as a result, there is an increase in the emphasis of the reproducibility and replicability of these data-driven solutions. Although this is a very positive trend, related terminology is often not properly defined, and more importantly, (computational) reproducibility that refers to obtaining consistent results using the same data and the same code is often disregarded.
Recent findings
We review the findings of a recent paper on the topic along with other relevant literature, and present two exa...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEUROIMAGING: Edited by Martin J. McKeown Source Type: research
Update on myelin imaging in neurological syndromes
Purpose of review
Myelin water imaging (MWI) is generally regarded as the most rigorous approach for noninvasive, in-vivo measurement of myelin content, which has been histopathologically validated. As such, it has been increasingly applied to neurological diseases with white matter involvement, especially those affecting myelin. This review provides an overview of the most recent research applying MWI in neurological syndromes.
Recent findings
Myelin water imaging has been applied in neurological syndromes including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEUROIMAGING: Edited by Martin J. McKeown Source Type: research
Neural substrates of substance use disorders
Purpose of review
Substance use disorders account for a tremendous burden to society, yet despite substantial progress in basic studies, our understanding of the brain-basis of these disorders is still emerging. This review summarizes the recent findings of neuroimaging studies with substance use disorder individuals.
Recent findings
Resting-state functional connectivity studies support for some but not all substances of abuse and disruption in executive control. Structural neuroimaging findings point towards reduced subcortical volumes, which may emerge as an interaction between preexisting factors and recent s...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEUROIMAGING: Edited by Martin J. McKeown Source Type: research
Lesion network mapping for symptom localization: recent developments and future directions
Purpose of review
Focal lesions causing specific neurological or psychiatric symptoms can occur in multiple different brain locations, complicating symptom localization. Here, we review lesion network mapping, a technique used to aid localization by mapping lesion-induced symptoms to brain circuits rather than individual brain regions. We highlight recent examples of how this technique is being used to investigate clinical entities and identify therapeutic targets.
Recent findings
To date, lesion network mapping has successfully been applied to more than 40 different symptoms or symptom complexes. In each case, ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEUROIMAGING: Edited by Martin J. McKeown Source Type: research
Imaging of sleep disorders in pre-Parkinsonian syndromes
Purpose of review
Neuroimaging has been advanced in the last years and enabled clinicians to evaluate sleep disorders, especially isolated rapid eye movement sleep disorder (iRBD), which can be seen in alpha-synucleinopathies. iRBD is the best prodromal clinical marker for phenoconversion to these neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an update on advanced neuroimaging biomarkers in iRBD.
Recent findings
Advanced structural MRI techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, and scintigraphic neuroimaging such as cholinergic PET, dopamine transporter...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: NEUROIMAGING: Edited by Martin J. McKeown Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Neurology)
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - July 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Progress in the mechanism of neuronal surface P antigen modulating hippocampal function and implications for autoimmune brain disease
Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to present a new regulation system in the hippocampus constituted by the neuronal surface P antigen (NSPA) and the tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG/PTPN4, which provides mechanistic and therapeutic possibilities for cognitive dysfunction driven by antiribosomal P protein autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Recent findings
Mice models lacking the function of NSPA as an E3 ubiquitin ligase show impaired glutamatergic synaptic plasticity, decreased levels of NMDAR at the postsynaptic density in hippocampus and memory deficits. The levels of PTPM...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Pathomechanisms in demyelination and astrocytopathy: autoantibodies to AQP4, MOG, GFAP, GRP78 and beyond
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to highlight the recently emerging pathomechanisms of diseases associated with autoantibodies to AQP4, MOG, GFAP, GRP78 and further novel targets. We discuss novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
Recent findings
Although complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) is regarded as the major effector mechanism for AQP4-IgG in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), recent studies helped to understand the relevance of complement-independent effector mechanisms. For MOG-IgG mediated diseases the role of CDC is less clear. MOG-IgG may trigger a tightly control...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
The expanding role of synthetic nucleic acids for diagnosis and treatment
Purpose of review
The presence of autoantibodies is a characteristic and diagnostic index of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antidouble-stranded DNA (antids-DNA) antibodies are the most frequent autoantibodies found in SLE related to the diagnosis and disease activity of SLE, and are measured by established methods like ELISA as a polyclonal autoantibody. However, there is no reliable data on the relationship between the respective reactivity of these polyclonal antids-DNA antibodies against different epitopes generated from the original antigen and the disease phenotype. Of the complications in SLE, neuropsychiatr...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Life after autoantibody-mediated encephalitis: optimizing follow-up and management in recovering patients
Purpose of review
Timely diagnosis and treatment is essential to optimize outcomes in patients with antibody-mediated encephalitis (AME); yet even with early diagnosis and treatment, long-term outcomes may still fall short of expectations. Identifying patients at greater risk of adverse outcomes is key to personalizing care, supporting accurate counseling of patients and family members, and informing therapeutic decisions in patients with AME. This review considers long-term outcomes in recovering patients, including approaches to measure and manage common sequelae that influence life after AME.
Recent findings
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Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Immunotherapy in autoimmune encephalitis
Purpose of review
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) refers to immune-mediated neurological syndromes often characterised by the detection of pathogenic autoantibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid which target extracellular epitopes of neuroglial antigens. There is increasing evidence these autoantibodies directly modulate function of their antigens in vivo. Early treatment with immunotherapy improves outcomes. Yet, these patients commonly exhibit chronic disability. Importantly, optimal therapeutic strategies at onset and during escalation remain poorly understood. In this review of a rapidly emerging field, we evalu...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Mechanisms of coronavirus infectious disease 2019-related neurologic diseases
Purpose of review
As of January 8, 2022, a global pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, a new RNA virus, has resulted in 304,896,785 cases in over 222 countries and regions, with over 5,500,683 deaths (www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/). Reports of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in the context of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from headache, anosmia, and dysgeusia, to depression, fatigue, psychosis, seizures, delirium, suicide, meningitis, encephalitis, inflammatory demyelination, infarction, and acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephal...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
The pathogenesis of neurologic symptoms of the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has resulted in significant mortality and morbidity globally. Patients who survive infection may develop continuing disease collectively known as the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC), which includes neurologic symptoms especially fatigue and cognitive impairment. The pathogenic mechanisms driving PASC are unknown although a postinfectious process, persistent infection, or lasting pathophysiological changes that occur during acute infection are all suspected to contribute.
Recent findings
Here we ...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Neurocognitive and psychiatric post-coronavirus disease 2019 conditions: pathogenic insights of brain dysfunction following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Purpose of review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can trigger a myriad of neuropsychiatric manifestations. As a 2-year-old disease (at the writing of this manuscript), its long-term cognitive and neuropsychiatric implications, known as post-COVID-19 conditions, are incompletely recognized and mechanistically obscure.
Recent findings
Fatigue, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and cognitive dysfunction are reported more frequently in COVID-19 survivors than in matching, non-COVID-19 population. Risk factor...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
Editorial: Central nervous system inflammatory injury, and now in the time of epidemic
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Neurology)
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OUTSIDE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Edited by Bruce T. Volpe Source Type: research
