Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

WNK1 in the kidney
Purpose of review The aim of this manuscript was to review recent evidence uncovering the roles of the With No lysine (K) kinase 1 (WNK1) in the kidney. Recent findings Analyses of microdissected mouse nephron segments have revealed the abundance of long-WNK1 and kidney-specific-WNK1 transcripts in different segments. The low levels of L-WNK1 transcripts in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) stand out and support functional evidence on the lack of L-WNK1 activity in this segment. The recent description of familial hyperkalaemic hypertension (FHHt)-causative mutations affecting the acidic domain of WNK1 supports ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT: Edited by Gerardo Gamba and María Castañeda-Bueno Source Type: research

Urinary extracellular vesicles: does cargo reflect tissue?
Purpose of review To review recent developments in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) to study kidney physiology and disease. Recent findings Proteomic analysis in rats showed significant correlations between kidney and uEV protein abundances. Consistent with uEV biogenesis, these correlations were stronger for membrane-associated proteins than for e.g. soluble kinases or E3 ubiquitin ligases. When challenged with a high potassium diet, the physiologically predicted protein changes occurred both in kidney and uEVs, suggesting that analysis of uEVs might be utilized as a proxy or even replacement for tissue an...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT: Edited by Gerardo Gamba and María Castañeda-Bueno Source Type: research

Progress in the management of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Purpose of review Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease in the world. Risk factor modification, glucose control, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade have remained the standard of care for 2 decades. New therapeutic agents have emerged in recent years, demonstrating kidney and cardiovascular benefits, and herein we review recent clinical trials on this topic. Recent findings After the publication of several cardiovascular outcome trials for sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), new trials have focused ON pri...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and kidney disease
Purpose of review Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, use of ICIs can be limited by inflammatory toxicities referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICI-associated acute kidney injury (ICI-associated AKI) affects 3–5% of ICI users. Recent findings With the rapidly growing indication of ICI, knowledge of ICI-associated kidney toxicity has also expanded from case series to large multicentre cohort studies. In this review, we discuss the clinical features, risk factors, clinicopathological correlations and prognosis of ICI-associated AKI from t...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Treatment potential in APOL1-associated nephropathy
Purpose of review More than 5 million African–Americans, and millions more in Africa and worldwide, possess apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) high-risk genotypes with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease. This manuscript reviews treatment approaches for slowing the progression of APOL1-associated nephropathy. Recent findings Since the 2010 discovery of APOL1 as a cause of nondiabetic nephropathy in individuals with sub-Saharan African ancestry, it has become apparent that aggressive hypertension control, renin-angiotensin system blockade, steroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents are suboptimal t...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Pruritus in chronic kidney disease
Purpose of review Among the many difficult symptoms that patients with kidney disease experience, pruritus is one of the most frequent and troubling. Because a substantial amount of new information has accumulated, we seek here to review the subject. Recent findings Pruritus is not only a common problematic symptom among patients with kidney disease, but its considerably more frequent than nephrologists recognize. The result for patients is not just uncomfortable itch but degraded quality of life as well. The pathogenesis is increasingly understood, but many aspects remain to be fully resolved. Importantly, rese...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Electrolytes disturbances in cancer patients
This article summarizes these main causes, the proposed pathophysiology and the recommended management for these disturbances. Recent findings There have been many cancer drugs approved in the field of oncology over the past several years and a subset of these drugs have been associated with electrolytes disturbances. This includes, for example, immune checkpoint inhibitor related hyperkalemia, fibroblast growth factor 23 inhibitor associated hyperphosphatemia and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor associated hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. Summary This article provides an updated review of certain ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Fluid administration strategies for the prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury
Purpose of review The known timing of contrast media exposure in patients identified as high-risk for contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) enables the use of strategies to prevent this complication of intravascular contrast media exposure. Although multiple preventive strategies have been proposed, periprocedural fluid administration remains as the primary preventive strategy. This is a critical review of the current evidence evaluating a variety of fluid administration strategies in CA-AKI. Recent findings Fluid administration strategies to prevent CA-AKI include comparisons of intravenous (i.v.) to...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Revisiting diuretic choice in chronic kidney disease
Purpose of review Existing guidelines offer little direction about the use of thiazide and loop diuretics in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review summarizes recent studies impacting indications and safety considerations for these agents in patients with CKD. Recent findings Chlorthalidone reduces blood pressure compared to placebo in patients with advanced CKD, challenging the belief that thiazide diuretics lose efficacy at lower glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Existing studies show no clear impact of thiazide or loop diuretic use on kidney or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD. S...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase enzyme inhibitors: ready for primetime?
Purpose of review Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors have recently been developed as a new treatment for anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several of these have been approved in Europe (roxadustat), China, and Japan, but none approved in the United States to date, although daprodustat has been submitted as a new drug application to the Food and Drug Administration. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the available data, particularly the most recent publications, and offer a personal viewpoint on whether or not these drugs are ready for primetime. Recent findi...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Editorial: Advancements in the management of kidney disease and electrolyte derangements
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension)
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS: Edited by Sankar D. Navaneethan Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension)
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

The science of xenotransplantation for nephrologists
Purpose of review The field of xenotransplantation has seen remarkable progress since its inception with recent preclinical trials in human recipients pushing kidney xenotransplantation one-step closer to clinical reality. In this review, we update practicing clinicians on recent advances in kidney xenotransplantation given the proximity of clinical trials in humans. Recent findings Early studies in the field established the physiologic basis of xenotransplantation and suggested that the pig kidney will support human physiology. Genetic engineering of source pigs has greatly reduced the immunogenicity of kidney ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - June 27, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Edited by Orson W. Moe and Susan E. Quaggin Source Type: research

The promise of artificial intelligence for kidney pathophysiology
We describe some of the challenges in the field as well as future directions. Recent findings We first provide an overview of artificial intelligence terminologies and methodologies. We then describe the use of artificial intelligence in kidney diseases to discover risk factors from clinical data for disease progression, annotate whole slide imaging and decipher multiomics data. We delineate key examples of risk stratification and prognostication in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We contextualize these applications in kidney disease oncology, one of the subfields to benefit demonstrably ...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - June 27, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Edited by Orson W. Moe and Susan E. Quaggin Source Type: research

Management of hypertension in advanced kidney disease
Purpose of review The aim of this study was to present recent developments in pharmacotherapy of hypertension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent findings In the AMBER trial, compared with placebo, the potassium-binder patiromer mitigated the risk of hyperkalaemia and enabled more patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension and stage 3b/4 CKD to tolerate and continue spironolactone treatment; add-on therapy with spironolactone provoked a clinically meaningful reduction of 11–12 mmHg in unattended automated office SBP over 12 weeks of follow-up. In the BLOCK-CKD trial, the i...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - June 27, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Edited by Orson W. Moe and Susan E. Quaggin Source Type: research