Tripping the wire: sensing of viral protease activity by CARD8 and NLRP1 inflammasomes
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 11;83:102354. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102354. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHost innate immune sensors are vital for the initial detection of pathogen infection. Such sensors thus need to constantly adapt in escalating evolutionary arms races with pathogens. Recently, two inflammasome-forming proteins, CARD8 and NLRP1, have emerged as innate immune sensors for the enzymatic activity of virus-encoded proteases. When cleaved within a rapidly evolving 'tripwire' region, CARD8 and NLRP1 assemble into inflammasomes that initiate pyroptotic cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine release as a form of...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 13, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lennice K Castro Matthew D Daugherty Source Type: research

Nasal vaccines for pertussis
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 10;84:102355. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102355. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines induce potent circulating IgG and prevent severe disease in children/adults and in infants born to vaccinated mothers. However, they do not prevent nasal infection, allowing asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that, unlike natural infection, immunization with aP vaccines fails to induce secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) or i...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 12, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pauline Schmitt Lisa Borkner Seyed Davoud Jazayeri Karen N McCarthy Kingston Hg Mills Source Type: research

Nasal vaccines for pertussis
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 10;84:102355. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102355. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhooping cough, caused by Bordetella pertussis, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines induce potent circulating IgG and prevent severe disease in children/adults and in infants born to vaccinated mothers. However, they do not prevent nasal infection, allowing asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that, unlike natural infection, immunization with aP vaccines fails to induce secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) or i...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 12, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Pauline Schmitt Lisa Borkner Seyed Davoud Jazayeri Karen N McCarthy Kingston Hg Mills Source Type: research

Get into the groove! The influence of TAPBPR on cargo selection
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 7;83:102346. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102346. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince the discovery of Transporter associated with antigen processing-binding protein-related (TAPBPR) over two decades ago, extensive studies have explored its function in the context of the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation pathway. As a chaperone and peptide editor, TAPBPR was recently revealed to have overlapping structural features when resolved with peptide-receptive MHC-I molecules compared with the two newly solved tapasin:MHC-I structures. Despite this, the two c...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Reem Satti Jack L Morley Louise H Boyle Source Type: research

Get into the groove! The influence of TAPBPR on cargo selection
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 7;83:102346. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102346. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince the discovery of Transporter associated with antigen processing-binding protein-related (TAPBPR) over two decades ago, extensive studies have explored its function in the context of the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation pathway. As a chaperone and peptide editor, TAPBPR was recently revealed to have overlapping structural features when resolved with peptide-receptive MHC-I molecules compared with the two newly solved tapasin:MHC-I structures. Despite this, the two c...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Reem Satti Jack L Morley Louise H Boyle Source Type: research

Get into the groove! The influence of TAPBPR on cargo selection
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 7;83:102346. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102346. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince the discovery of Transporter associated with antigen processing-binding protein-related (TAPBPR) over two decades ago, extensive studies have explored its function in the context of the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) antigen processing and presentation pathway. As a chaperone and peptide editor, TAPBPR was recently revealed to have overlapping structural features when resolved with peptide-receptive MHC-I molecules compared with the two newly solved tapasin:MHC-I structures. Despite this, the two c...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Reem Satti Jack L Morley Louise H Boyle Source Type: research

Recent progress in type  1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both?
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102350. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTType 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) in vivo, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for in vivo XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I major histocompatibility complex loading compartment independently of cytosolic entry. Alternate proposals invoke phago...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ray A Ohara Kenneth M Murphy Source Type: research

Molecular insights into metabolite antigen recognition by mucosal-associated invariant T cells
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102351. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102351. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetabolite-based T-cell immunity is emerging as a major player in antimicrobial immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, small-molecule metabolites were identified to be captured and presented by the major histocompatibility complex class-I-related molecule (MR1) to T cells, namely mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and diverse MR1-restricted T cells. Both MR1 and MAIT are evolutionarily conserved in many mammals, suggesting important roles in host immunity. Rational chemical modifications of these naturally occ...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wael Awad Lisa Ciacchi James McCluskey David P Fairlie Jamie Rossjohn Source Type: research

Z-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as a sensor of viral and cellular Z-RNAs: waalking the razor's edge
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102347. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102347. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTZ-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) detects viral Z-form RNAs (Z-RNAs), activates receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and triggers cell death during both RNA and DNA virus infections. Such cell death promotes virus clearance by eliminating infected cells and galvanizing antiviral immunity, and is thus often targeted for evasion by virus-encoded suppressors. Recent evidence demonstrates that ZBP1 can also be activated by cellular Z-RNAs transcribed from endogenous retroelements within mammalian genomes. These c...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carly DeAntoneo Alan Herbert Siddharth Balachandran Source Type: research

Role of mouse dendritic cell subsets in priming naive CD4 T cells
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102352. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102352. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that consist of developmentally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subsets. Following immunization, each subset of cDCs acquires the antigen and presents it to CD4T (CD4+ T (cells)) cells with distinct spatiotemporal kinetics in the secondary lymphoid organs, often causing multiple waves of antigen presentation to CD4T cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the kinetics of antigen presentation by each cDC subset and its functional...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Naoya Tatsumi Yosuke Kumamoto Source Type: research

Recent progress in type  1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both?
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102350. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTType 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) in vivo, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for in vivo XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I major histocompatibility complex loading compartment independently of cytosolic entry. Alternate proposals invoke phago...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ray A Ohara Kenneth M Murphy Source Type: research

Molecular insights into metabolite antigen recognition by mucosal-associated invariant T cells
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102351. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102351. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetabolite-based T-cell immunity is emerging as a major player in antimicrobial immunity, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, small-molecule metabolites were identified to be captured and presented by the major histocompatibility complex class-I-related molecule (MR1) to T cells, namely mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and diverse MR1-restricted T cells. Both MR1 and MAIT are evolutionarily conserved in many mammals, suggesting important roles in host immunity. Rational chemical modifications of these naturally occ...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Wael Awad Lisa Ciacchi James McCluskey David P Fairlie Jamie Rossjohn Source Type: research

Z-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as a sensor of viral and cellular Z-RNAs: waalking the razor's edge
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102347. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102347. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTZ-form nucleic acid-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) detects viral Z-form RNAs (Z-RNAs), activates receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and triggers cell death during both RNA and DNA virus infections. Such cell death promotes virus clearance by eliminating infected cells and galvanizing antiviral immunity, and is thus often targeted for evasion by virus-encoded suppressors. Recent evidence demonstrates that ZBP1 can also be activated by cellular Z-RNAs transcribed from endogenous retroelements within mammalian genomes. These c...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Carly DeAntoneo Alan Herbert Siddharth Balachandran Source Type: research

Role of mouse dendritic cell subsets in priming naive CD4 T cells
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102352. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102352. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that consist of developmentally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subsets. Following immunization, each subset of cDCs acquires the antigen and presents it to CD4T (CD4+ T (cells)) cells with distinct spatiotemporal kinetics in the secondary lymphoid organs, often causing multiple waves of antigen presentation to CD4T cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the kinetics of antigen presentation by each cDC subset and its functional...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Naoya Tatsumi Yosuke Kumamoto Source Type: research

Recent progress in type  1 classical dendritic cell cross-presentation - cytosolic, vacuolar, or both?
Curr Opin Immunol. 2023 Jun 3;83:102350. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102350. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTType 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1s) have emerged as the major antigen-presenting cell performing cross-presentation (XP) in vivo, but the antigen-processing pathway in this cell remains obscure. Two competing models for in vivo XP of cell-associated antigens by cDC1 include a vacuolar pathway and cytosolic pathway. A vacuolar pathway relies on directing antigens captured in vesicles toward a class I major histocompatibility complex loading compartment independently of cytosolic entry. Alternate proposals invoke phago...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - June 5, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ray A Ohara Kenneth M Murphy Source Type: research