Myeloid cell and cytokine interactions with chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy: implication for future therapies
Purpose of review
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy is a revolutionary tool in the treatment of cancer. CAR-T cells exhibit their effector functions through the recognition of their specific antigens on tumor cells and recruitment of other immune cells. However, this therapy is limited by the development of severe toxicities and modest antitumor activity in solid tumors. The host and tumor microenvironment interactions with CAR-T cells play an important role in orchestrating CAR-T-cell functions. Specifically, myeloid lineage cells and their cytokines critically influence the behavior of CAR-T cells. Here, w...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Platelets as key players in inflammation and infection
Purpose of review
This review highlights recent insights into the role of platelets in acute inflammation and infection.
Recent findings
Platelets exhibit intravascular crawling behavior and can collect and bundle bacteria. In addition, platelets are key in promoting intravascular thrombus formation in infection, a process termed ‘immunothrombosis’, which contributes to pathogen containment, but also potentially damages the host. Platelets are at the nexus of leukocyte recruitment and activation, yet they are at the same time crucial in preventing inflammation-associated hemorrhage and tissue damage. This multitas...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Transcription factor and cytokine regulation of eosinophil lineage commitment
Purpose of review
Lineage commitment is governed by instructive and stochastic signals, which drive both active induction of the lineage program and repression of alternative fates. Eosinophil lineage commitment is driven by the ordered interaction of transcription factors, supported by cytokine signals. This review summarizes key findings in the study of eosinophil lineage commitment and examines new data investigating the factors that regulate this process.
Recent findings
Recent and past studies highlight how intrinsic and extrinsic signals modulate transcription factor network and lineage decisions. Early action o...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Registries for study of nonmalignant hematological diseases: the example of the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry
This report describes underlying reasons for its success.
Summary
Registries are important to organize and analyze clinical information across geographic, ethnic and social boundaries. They are also challenging to organize, administer and support. (Source: Current Opinion in Hematology)
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Family studies of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency, myelokathexis syndrome
Purpose of review
WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency, myelokathexis, or WHIMs) is a very rare autosomal dominant immunodeficiency disorder attributable to mutations in CXCR4. We reviewed clinical manifestations in 24 patients in 9 families to expand understanding of this syndrome.
Recent findings
Warts, cellulitis and respiratory infections are common in patients with WHIMs. Less commonly these patients have congenital heart disease, human papilloma virus-associated malignancies (cervical and vulvular) and lymphomas. Hearing loss because of recurrent otitis media is another important complic...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Genetic and epigenetic factors interacting with clonal hematopoiesis resulting in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Purpose of review
Since 2016, the WHO has recognized the significant phenotypic heterogeneity of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) as a myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) overlap disease. Although sharing many somatic mutations with MDS and MPN, the purpose of this review is to put recent biological findings of CMML in the context of evolutionary theory, highlighting it as a distinct evolutionary trajectory occurring in the context of clonal hematopoiesis.
Recent findings
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), with a mutational spectrum and prevalence correlated with a...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Commentary
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Hematology)
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: MYELOID BIOLOGY: Edited by David C. Dale Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Hematology)
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - November 29, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
The cause and pathogenesis of hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle-cell disease
Purpose of review
The current review aims to summarize the epidemiology, cause, pathophysiology, and management of hemolytic transfusion reactions in sickle-cell disease (SCD).
Recent findings
Patients undergoing occasional, isolated transfusions have been shown to have a higher risk of developing this condition. Despite the identification of well known risk factors, including alloimmunization, the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear, as very severe forms with hyperhemolysis may develop in the absence of detectable antibodies, or with antibodies that are not considered to be clinically significant. Comple...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
Banking with precision: transfusion medicine as a potential universal application in clinical genomics
Purpose of review
To summarize the most recent scientific progress in transfusion medicine genomics and discuss its role within the broad genomic precision medicine model, with a focus on the unique computational and bioinformatic aspects of this emergent field.
Recent findings
Recent publications continue to validate the feasibility of using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for blood group prediction with three distinct approaches: exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and PCR-based targeted NGS methods. The reported correlation of NGS with serologic and alternative genotyping methods ranges from 92 to 99%. NGS ...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
Transfusion support and alternatives for Jehovah's Witness patients
Purpose of review
Jehovah's Witness patients with critical anemia or undergoing major surgery are challenging for healthcare providers to manage, as most will decline transfusion of whole blood and its main components. Recent advances in our understanding of hemostatic agents, alternative hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, and patient blood management have culminated in a complex array of options to manage critical anemia and bleeding in this patient population.
Recent findings
Refusal of blood products in the setting of critical anemia is associated with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. With implementation...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
Neonatal and pediatric platelet transfusions: current concepts and controversies
Purpose of review
In this review, we focus on three specific concepts related to platelet transfusion in the neonatal and pediatric population: choice of transfusion threshold; use of ABO-mismatched platelets; transfusion of pathogen-reduced or inactivated platelets.
Recent findings
Recent trials support the use of lower platelet transfusion thresholds (25 000/μl) in preterm neonates, although data is limited to guide transfusion among more mature neonates. In children, there is low-level evidence as to what the prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold should be in many situations of thrombocytopenia, revealing ...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
The 2019 guidelines from the American Society for Apheresis: what's new?
Purpose of review
For over 30 years, the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) has published practice guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in the Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue. These guidelines are periodically reviewed with the addition of new indications, retirement of some former indications and the provision of updated recommendations for current indications based on new published literature. During the last 12 years, updated guidelines have been published every 3 years to provide a reflection of current evidence-based apheresis practice. Recently, the eighth special issue was published....
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
Can molecular markers of oxygen homeostasis and the measurement of tissue oxygen be leveraged to optimize red blood cell transfusions?
Purpose of review
The clinical indication for transfusing red blood cells (RBCs) is to restore or maintain adequate oxygenation of respiring tissue. Oxygen (O2) transport, delivery, and utilization following transfusion are impacted by perfusion, hemoglobin (Hb) allosteric saturation/desaturation, and the concentration of tissue O2. Bioavailable O2 maintains tissue utilization and homeostasis; therefore, measuring imbalances in supply and demand could be valuable to assessing blood quality and transfusion effectiveness. O2 homeostasis is critically intertwined with erythropoietic response in blood loss and anemia and the...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy in sickle cell disease: where are we now?
This study reviews the current status of allo-HCT and autologous cellular therapies for SCD.
Recent findings
Alternative sources of allogeneic stem cells from unmatched donors such as cord blood and haploidentical donors are gaining traction. Early experience has shown that better conditioning regimens and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis are needed before these donor sources can gain widespread use. Clinical trials are underway to determine the feasibility and efficacy of autologous transplantation with gene modified hematopoietic stem cells. Gene therapy strategies include HbS gene correction, gene addition, and ...
Source: Current Opinion in Hematology - October 4, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Edited by Steven L. Spitalnik Source Type: research
