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Physiology predicts ideology. Or does it? The current state of political psychophysiology research
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 34Author(s): Kevin B Smith, Clarisse Warren (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - March 2, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

How different are cultural and economic ideology?
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 34Author(s): Christopher D Johnston, Trent Ollerenshaw (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - March 2, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Utopia and ideology in cultural dynamics
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 34Author(s): Yoshihisa Kashima, Julian Fernando (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - March 2, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Ideologies that justify political violence
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 34Author(s): David Webber, Arie Kruglanski, Erica Molinario, Katarzyna Jasko (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - March 2, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Candidate mechanisms linking insomnia disorder to Alzheimer’s disease risk
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Miranda G Chappel-Farley, Kitty K Lui, Abhishek Dave, Ivy Y Chen, Bryce A Mander (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - March 1, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Examining sleep’s role in memory generalization and specificity through the lens of targeted memory reactivation
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Sarah Witkowski, Eitan Schechtman, Ken A PallerTwo vital memory functions — remembering specific experiences and generalizing across many experiences — are in tension with each other. In the complementary-learning-systems model, the hippocampus allows for fast learning of unique episodic memories while the cortex slowly extracts regularities from overlapping representations. Whereas episodic memories undergo consolidation over protracted time periods, many questions remain about how memory generalization evolves over time. Sl...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - February 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Evolution of sleep in relation to memory – a birds’ brain view
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Jacqueline van der Meij, Gianina Ungurean, Niels C Rattenborg, Gabriël JL BeckersSleep’s role in memory consolidation is widely accepted. However, the role of the different sleep states and accompanying neurophysiological activity is still actively debated. Most theories of sleep-related memory consolidation are based on studies in a few mammalian species. Recent evidence from research in birds, which exhibit sleep states that are in most respects similar to those found in mammals (despite being distantly related) suggests tha...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - February 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Later-life sleep, cognition, and neuroimaging research: an update for 2020
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Alfonso J Alfini, Marian Tzuang, Jocelynn T Owusu, Adam P SpiraThis review summarizes recent studies of sleep and brain health in later life, focusing on cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived outcomes. The majority of older people report sleep problems, and over one-third have sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The research described herein builds on work demonstrating that abnormal sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and SDB are associated with memory impairment and executive dysfunction. Self-reported short sle...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - January 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sleep and academic performance: considering amount, quality and timing
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Angela Gomez Fonseca, Lisa GenzelEvidence has shown that sleep plays a key role in cognitive functioning, and here the specific importance for memory consolidation in the context of academic performance is discussed. As school years are also a turning point into defining one’s chronotype and general sleep habits, it is vital that schools and universities offer a flexible structure for students to be able to develop healthy sleep practices allowing for the very much needed space for memory consolidation. (Source: Current Opinion...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - January 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Neural correlates of sleep, stress, and selective memory consolidation
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Sara Y Kim, Jessica D PayneThe sleeping brain often preferentially consolidates salient (e.g. emotional, novel, rewarding) memories. When a stressful event occurs in proximity to a memory task, recently learned information tends to be prioritized for consolidation (behavioral tagging). Evidence for tagging emerges from neuroimaging studies, which show altered patterns of neural activity and connectivity in memory networks after stress and sleep. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that stress and sleep interact to promote selecti...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - January 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sleep in the dog: comparative, behavioral and translational relevance
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Róbert Bódizs, Anna Kis, Márta Gácsi, József TopálThe dog (Canis familiaris) is a promising non-invasive translational model of human cognitive neuroscience including sleep research. Studies on the relationship between sleep and cognition in dogs and other canines are only just emerging, but still very scarce. Here we provide insight into canine sleep and sleep-related physiological and cognitive/behavioral phenomena. We show that dogs do not only fulfil all behavioral and polygraphic criteria of sleep, but are characterize...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - December 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Sleep and academic performance: measuring the impact of sleep
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Shelley HershnerSleep impacts academic performance. Past studies focused on the negative influence of shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality on GPA. New novel sleep measures have emerged. Sleep consistency measures how likely a student is to be awake or asleep at the same time each day. Students with greater sleep consistency have better academic performance. A morning circadian preference and earlier classes are associated with higher grades. Later high school start times may increase sleep duration, but do not consistent...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - December 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A conflict within a conflict: intragroup ideological polarization and intergroup intractable conflict
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 34Author(s): Tal Orian Harel, Ifat Maoz, Eran HalperinIdeology plays a central role in conflicts, both on the intergroup and intragroup levels. On the intergroup level, ideology can either contribute to the preservation and escalation of conflicts or serve as the key to resolving them. On the intragroup level, ideology can generate and induce conflicts between opposing ideological groups. However, the interaction between these two levels of conflict and the unique role of ideology in such interactions have not received sufficient systematic...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - December 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Cognitive effects of multi-night adolescent sleep restriction: current data and future possibilities
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): June C Lo, Michael WL CheeAdolescents throughout the world do not obtain adequate sleep. A recent proliferation of experimental and quasi-experimental studies on teens concur in finding that multiple successive nights of restricted sleep can impair multiple cognitive functions. These effects cumulate over successive nights, may not achieve complete restitution after weekend recovery sleep, and may even be compounded by re-exposure to sleep restriction. An hour-long afternoon nap reduces sleepiness and improves vigilance, memory e...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - December 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Physiological changes in sleep that affect fMRI inference
Publication date: June 2020Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 33Author(s): Jeff H Duyn, Pinar S Ozbay, Catie Chang, Dante PicchionifMRI relies on a localized cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to changes in cortical neuronal activity. An underappreciated aspect however is its sensitivity to contributions from autonomic physiology that may affect CBF through changes in vascular resistance and blood pressure. As is reviewed here, this is crucial to consider in fMRI studies of sleep, given the close linkage between the regulation of arousal state and autonomic physiology. Typical methods for separating the...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - December 25, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research