Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Editorial overview: Psychoneuroimmunology
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral SciencesAuthor(s): Suzanne C Segerstrom, Deborah M Hodgson (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - August 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Image statistics for material perception
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Shin’ya NishidaFor estimation of material properties, inverse optics is generally too difficult to solve. Human material perception seems to rely on image features that are correlated with the material property under natural viewing environments. The critical features often take the form of image statistics, because many material properties can be characterized by how they optically modulate the natural image statistics. For instance, a critical image statistic for surface wetness perception is enhanced color saturations, w...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - August 9, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Cone fundamentals and CIE standards
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Andrew StockmanA knowledge of the spectral sensitivities of the long-wavelength-sensitive (L-), middle-wavelength-sensitive (M-) and short-wavelength-sensitive (S-) wavelength-sensitive cone types is vital for modelling human color vision and for the practical applications of color matching and color specification. After being agnostic about defining standard cone spectral sensitivities, the Commission Internationale de l’ Éclairage (CIE) has sanctioned the cone spectral sensitivity estimates of Stockman and Sharpe (2000) ...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - August 7, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Circadian rhythms in the blind
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Annette E AllenLight has a profound influence on human physiology and behaviour, most notably permitting visual perception. However, light information serves a parallel set of functions in biology that are essential for our health and wellbeing, including the synchronisation of our circadian clock to the solar day. The circadian clock drives endogenous daily rhythms across human physiology and behaviour. However, when the circadian clock is not appropriately aligned with external time, disturbances in sleep/wake behaviours, a...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Melanopsin contributions to non-visual and visual function
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Manuel SpitschanMelanopsin is a short-wavelength-sensitive photopigment that was discovered only around 20 years ago. It is expressed in the cell bodies and processes of a subset of retinal ganglion cells in the retina (the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells; ipRGCs), thereby allowing them to signal light even in the absence of cone and rod input. Many of the fundamental properties of melanopsin signalling in humans for both visual (e.g. detection, discrimination, brightness estimation) and non-visual functio...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Photopigment genes, cones, and color update: disrupting the splicing code causes a diverse array of vision disorders
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Maureen Neitz, Sara S Patterson, Jay NeitzThe human long-wavelength and middle-wavelength sensitive cone opsin genes exhibit an extraordinary degree of haplotype diversity that results from recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. As a first step in expression, genes—including the protein coding exons and intervening introns—are transcribed. Next, transcripts are spliced to remove the introns and join the exons to generate a mature message that codes for the protein. Important information necessary for spl...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Single-cone imaging in inherited and acquired colour vision deficiencies
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Rigmor C Baraas, Hilde R Pedersen, Lene A HagenColour vision deficiencies are common in humans and occur both as a consequence of inherited cone opsin mutations, altering the number or function of the different cone types expressed in the retina, and acquired through secondary disruption of cone function and structure. This review describes recent advances made in understanding colour vision deficiencies from combining knowledge about cone opsin genes with single-cone imaging in living humans. Examination of the effect of the...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Visual perception and natural illumination
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Richard F Murray, Wendy J AdamsWe review recent work on the role of natural illumination in human vision. We discuss research showing that visual perception depends on stable statistical properties of natural light in order to solve the underconstrained problem of estimating the shape, color, and material properties of surfaces and objects. We focus on assumptions about the distribution of luminous flux over 3D directions and spatial locations. We also review work showing that implicit assumptions about lighting color may exp...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Bird colour vision – from cones to perception
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Almut KelberBirds use spectral information for circadian control, magnetic orientation and phototaxis but most importantly for discriminating the colours of important objects such as food items or mates. Their tetrachromatic colour vision is based on four types of single cones expressing four opsin-based visual pigments and fine-tuned by the carotenoid composition in cone oil droplets. Bird colour vision is not as uniform as previously thought, and single visual pigments have been lost in several bird lineages. Diurnal birds ...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Color, pattern, and the retinal cone mosaic
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): David H BrainardTextbook trichromacy accounts for human color vision in terms of spectral sampling by three classes of cone photoreceptors. This account neglects entangling of color and pattern information created by wavelength-dependent optical blur (chromatic aberrations) and interleaved spatial sampling of the retinal image by the three classes of cones. Recent experimental, computational, and neurophysiological work is now considering color and pattern vision at the elementary scale of daylight vison, that is at the scale...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - July 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The value of abstraction
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 29Author(s): Mark K Ho, David Abel, Thomas L Griffiths, Michael L Littman (Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences)
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - June 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Individual differences and their implications for color perception
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Kara J Emery, Michael A WebsterIndividual differences are a conspicuous feature of color vision and arise from many sources, in both the observer and the world. These differences have important practical implications for comparing and correcting perception and performance, and important theoretical implications for understanding the design principles underlying color coding. Color percepts within and between individuals often vary less than the variations in spectral sensitivity might predict. This stability is achieved by a ...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - June 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Theory of mind as inverse reinforcement learning
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 29Author(s): Julian Jara-EttingerWe review the idea that Theory of Mind—our ability to reason about other people's mental states—can be formalized as inverse reinforcement learning. Under this framework, expectations about how mental states produce behavior are captured in a reinforcement learning (RL) model. Predicting other people’s actions is achieved by simulating a RL model with the hypothesized beliefs and desires, while mental-state inference is achieved by inverting this model. Although many advances in inverse reinforcement ...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - June 13, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Omniglot challenge: a 3-year progress report
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 29Author(s): Brenden M Lake, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Joshua B TenenbaumThree years ago, we released the Omniglot dataset for one-shot learning, along with five challenge tasks and a computational model that addresses these tasks. The model was not meant to be the final word on Omniglot; we hoped that the community would build on our work and develop new approaches. In the time since, we have been pleased to see wide adoption of the dataset. There has been notable progress on one-shot classification, but researchers have adopted new splits an...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - June 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emergence and separation of color categories: an NIRS study in prelingual infants and a k-means analysis on Japanese color-naming data
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 30Author(s): Ichiro KurikiTwo studies are introduced to discuss how color categories are established and separated. In the first study, the neural representations of color category in prelingual infants were studied with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. While the NIRS signals in the occipito-temporal area showed increased response to alternations of colors across categories but not for color changes within a category, no difference between these category conditions was observed in the occipital area. The second study demonstra...
Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences - June 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
