Incomplete immunity in a natural animal-microbiota interaction selects for higher pathogen virulence
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 23:S0960-9822(24)00157-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIncomplete immunity in recovered hosts is predicted to favor more virulent pathogens upon re-infection in the population.1 The microbiota colonizing animals can generate a similarly long-lasting, partial immune response, allowing for infection but dampened disease severity.2 We tracked the evolutionary trajectories of a widespread pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), experimentally passaged through populations of nematodes immune-primed by a natural microbiota member (P. berkeleyensis). This bacterium can induce genes ...
Source: Current Biology - March 2, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Kim L Hoang Timothy D Read Kayla C King Source Type: research
Incomplete immunity in a natural animal-microbiota interaction selects for higher pathogen virulence
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 23:S0960-9822(24)00157-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIncomplete immunity in recovered hosts is predicted to favor more virulent pathogens upon re-infection in the population.1 The microbiota colonizing animals can generate a similarly long-lasting, partial immune response, allowing for infection but dampened disease severity.2 We tracked the evolutionary trajectories of a widespread pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), experimentally passaged through populations of nematodes immune-primed by a natural microbiota member (P. berkeleyensis). This bacterium can induce genes ...
Source: Current Biology - March 2, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Kim L Hoang Timothy D Read Kayla C King Source Type: research
Incomplete immunity in a natural animal-microbiota interaction selects for higher pathogen virulence
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 23:S0960-9822(24)00157-X. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIncomplete immunity in recovered hosts is predicted to favor more virulent pathogens upon re-infection in the population.1 The microbiota colonizing animals can generate a similarly long-lasting, partial immune response, allowing for infection but dampened disease severity.2 We tracked the evolutionary trajectories of a widespread pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), experimentally passaged through populations of nematodes immune-primed by a natural microbiota member (P. berkeleyensis). This bacterium can induce genes ...
Source: Current Biology - March 2, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Kim L Hoang Timothy D Read Kayla C King Source Type: research
Post-invasion selection acts on standing genetic variation despite a severe founding bottleneck
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 21:S0960-9822(24)00152-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInvasive populations often have lower genetic diversity relative to the native-range populations from which they derive.1,2 Despite this, many biological invaders succeed in their new environments, in part due to rapid adaptation.3,4,5,6 Therefore, the role of genetic bottlenecks in constraining the adaptation of invaders is debated.7,8,9,10 Here, we use whole-genome resequencing of samples from a 10-year time-series dataset, representing the natural invasion of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) in Australia, to inve...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Kathleen A Dogantzis Rika Raffiudin Ramadhani Eka Putra Ismail Shaleh Ida M Conflitti Mateus Pepinelli John Roberts Michael Holmes Benjamin P Oldroyd Amro Zayed Rosalyn Gloag Source Type: research
Collective cell migration relies on PPP1R15-mediated regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 27:S0960-9822(24)00156-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.014. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCollective cell migration is integral to many developmental and disease processes. Previously, we discovered that protein phosphatase 1 (Pp1) promotes border cell collective migration in the Drosophila ovary. We now report that the Pp1 phosphatase regulatory subunit dPPP1R15 is a critical regulator of border cell migration. dPPP1R15 is an ortholog of mammalian PPP1R15 proteins that attenuate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We show that, in collectively migrating border cells, dPPP1R15 phosphatase rest...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Yujun Chen Jocelyn A McDonald Source Type: research
Host adaptive radiation is associated with rapid virus diversification and cross-species transmission in African cichlid fishes
We examined how the rapid adaptive radiation of the cichlid fishes of African Lake Tanganyika over the last 10 million years has shaped the diversity and evolution of the viruses they carry. Through metatranscriptomic analysis of 2,242 RNA sequencing libraries, we identified 121 vertebrate-associated viruses among various tissue types that fell into 13 RNA and 4 DNA virus groups. Host-switching was commonplace, particularly within the Astroviridae, Metahepadnavirus, Nackednavirus, Picornaviridae, and Hepacivirus groups, occurring more frequently than in other fish communities. A time-calibrated phylogeny revealed that hepa...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Vincenzo A Costa Fabrizia Ronco Jonathon C O Mifsud Erin Harvey Walter Salzburger Edward C Holmes Source Type: research
Post-invasion selection acts on standing genetic variation despite a severe founding bottleneck
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 21:S0960-9822(24)00152-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInvasive populations often have lower genetic diversity relative to the native-range populations from which they derive.1,2 Despite this, many biological invaders succeed in their new environments, in part due to rapid adaptation.3,4,5,6 Therefore, the role of genetic bottlenecks in constraining the adaptation of invaders is debated.7,8,9,10 Here, we use whole-genome resequencing of samples from a 10-year time-series dataset, representing the natural invasion of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) in Australia, to inve...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Kathleen A Dogantzis Rika Raffiudin Ramadhani Eka Putra Ismail Shaleh Ida M Conflitti Mateus Pepinelli John Roberts Michael Holmes Benjamin P Oldroyd Amro Zayed Rosalyn Gloag Source Type: research
Collective cell migration relies on PPP1R15-mediated regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 27:S0960-9822(24)00156-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.014. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCollective cell migration is integral to many developmental and disease processes. Previously, we discovered that protein phosphatase 1 (Pp1) promotes border cell collective migration in the Drosophila ovary. We now report that the Pp1 phosphatase regulatory subunit dPPP1R15 is a critical regulator of border cell migration. dPPP1R15 is an ortholog of mammalian PPP1R15 proteins that attenuate the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We show that, in collectively migrating border cells, dPPP1R15 phosphatase rest...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Yujun Chen Jocelyn A McDonald Source Type: research
Host adaptive radiation is associated with rapid virus diversification and cross-species transmission in African cichlid fishes
We examined how the rapid adaptive radiation of the cichlid fishes of African Lake Tanganyika over the last 10 million years has shaped the diversity and evolution of the viruses they carry. Through metatranscriptomic analysis of 2,242 RNA sequencing libraries, we identified 121 vertebrate-associated viruses among various tissue types that fell into 13 RNA and 4 DNA virus groups. Host-switching was commonplace, particularly within the Astroviridae, Metahepadnavirus, Nackednavirus, Picornaviridae, and Hepacivirus groups, occurring more frequently than in other fish communities. A time-calibrated phylogeny revealed that hepa...
Source: Current Biology - March 1, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Vincenzo A Costa Fabrizia Ronco Jonathon C O Mifsud Erin Harvey Walter Salzburger Edward C Holmes Source Type: research
Lateral hypothalamic GABAergic neurons encode alcohol memories
In this study, we aimed to describe how alcohol-related memories are encoded and expressed in LH GABAergic neurons. Our first step was to monitor LH-GABA calcium transients during acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of an alcohol-cue memory using fiber photometry. We trained the rats on a Pavlovian conditioning task, where one conditioned stimulus (CS+) predicted alcohol (20% EtOH) and another conditioned stimulus (CS-) had no outcome. We then extinguished this association through non-reinforced presentations of the CS+ and CS- and finally, in two different groups, we measured relapse under non-primed and alcohol-pr...
Source: Current Biology - February 29, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Isis Alonso-Lozares Pelle Wilbers Lina Asperl Sem Teijsse Charlotte van der Neut Dustin Schetters Yvar van Mourik Allison J McDonald Tim Heistek Huibert D Mansvelder Taco J De Vries Nathan J Marchant Source Type: research
Identification of olfactory alarm substances in zebrafish
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 21:S0960-9822(24)00145-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEscaping from danger is one of the most ndamental survival behaviors for animals. Most freshwater fishes display olfactory alarm reactions in which an injured fish releases putative alarm substances from the skin to notify its shoaling company about the presence of danger. Here, we identified two small compounds in zebrafish skin extract, designated as ostariopterin and daniol sulfate. Ostariopterin is a pterin derivative commonly produced in many freshwater fishes belonging to the Ostariophysi superorder. Daniol sul...
Source: Current Biology - February 29, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Miwa Masuda Sayoko Ihara Naoki Mori Tetsuya Koide Nobuhiko Miyasaka Noriko Wakisaka Keiichi Yoshikawa Hidenori Watanabe Kazushige Touhara Yoshihiro Yoshihara Source Type: research
Lateral hypothalamic GABAergic neurons encode alcohol memories
In this study, we aimed to describe how alcohol-related memories are encoded and expressed in LH GABAergic neurons. Our first step was to monitor LH-GABA calcium transients during acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of an alcohol-cue memory using fiber photometry. We trained the rats on a Pavlovian conditioning task, where one conditioned stimulus (CS+) predicted alcohol (20% EtOH) and another conditioned stimulus (CS-) had no outcome. We then extinguished this association through non-reinforced presentations of the CS+ and CS- and finally, in two different groups, we measured relapse under non-primed and alcohol-pr...
Source: Current Biology - February 29, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Isis Alonso-Lozares Pelle Wilbers Lina Asperl Sem Teijsse Charlotte van der Neut Dustin Schetters Yvar van Mourik Allison J McDonald Tim Heistek Huibert D Mansvelder Taco J De Vries Nathan J Marchant Source Type: research
Identification of olfactory alarm substances in zebrafish
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 21:S0960-9822(24)00145-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEscaping from danger is one of the most ndamental survival behaviors for animals. Most freshwater fishes display olfactory alarm reactions in which an injured fish releases putative alarm substances from the skin to notify its shoaling company about the presence of danger. Here, we identified two small compounds in zebrafish skin extract, designated as ostariopterin and daniol sulfate. Ostariopterin is a pterin derivative commonly produced in many freshwater fishes belonging to the Ostariophysi superorder. Daniol sul...
Source: Current Biology - February 29, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Miwa Masuda Sayoko Ihara Naoki Mori Tetsuya Koide Nobuhiko Miyasaka Noriko Wakisaka Keiichi Yoshikawa Hidenori Watanabe Kazushige Touhara Yoshihiro Yoshihara Source Type: research
High genetic load without purging in caribou, a diverse species at risk
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 19:S0960-9822(24)00144-1. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh intra-specific genetic diversity is associated with adaptive potential, which is key for resilience to global change. However, high variation may also support deleterious alleles through genetic load, thereby increasing the risk of inbreeding depression if population sizes decrease. Purging of deleterious variation has been demonstrated in some threatened species. However, less is known about the costs of declines and inbreeding in species with large population sizes and high genetic diversity even though this e...
Source: Current Biology - February 28, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Rebecca S Taylor Micheline Manseau Sonesinh Keobouasone Peng Liu Gabriela Mastromonaco Kirsten Solmundson Allicia Kelly Nicholas C Larter Mary Gamberg Helen Schwantje Caeley Thacker Jean Polfus Leon Andrew Dave Hervieux Deborah Simmons Paul J Wilson Source Type: research
Differences in the expression of cortex-wide neural dynamics are related to behavioral phenotype
Curr Biol. 2024 Feb 21:S0960-9822(24)00146-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.004. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBehavior differs across individuals, ranging from typical to atypical phenotypes.1 Understanding how differences in behavior relate to differences in neural activity is critical for developing treatments of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. One hypothesis is that differences in behavior reflect individual differences in the dynamics of how information flows through the brain. In support of this, the correlation of neural activity between brain areas, termed "functional connectivity," varies across in...
Source: Current Biology - February 28, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Camden J MacDowell Brandy A Briones Michael J Lenzi Morgan L Gustison Timothy J Buschman Source Type: research
