Airway Management for Central Airway and Transbronchial Lung Procedures
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo highlight the interaction between the emerging and constantly evolving field of interventional pulmonology and the practice of anesthesiology.Recent FindingsThe current field of interventional pulmonology encompasses diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures designed for both diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, diagnosis of the etiology of mediastinal lymphadenopathy as well as lung nodules, and therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures performed through the rigid bronchoscope. Modifications of the everyday anesthesia techniques used in the operating room are necessary to adapt to the type of patients un...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - June 3, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
The Role of Regional Anesthesia in the Development of Chronic Pain: a Review of Literature
Conclusions were drawn from each surgical category regarding the role of regional anesthesia and/or local analgesia in acute and chronic pain management on the long-term results seen in the studies analyzed.SummaryPreoperative consultations and optimized perioperative analgesia using regional anesthesia and local analgesia play a fundamental role preventing and treating postoperative pain after many types of surgery by managing pain in the acute setting to mitigate the future development of PPP. Additional studies in different surgical subspecialties are needed to confirm the role regional anesthesia plays in chronic posts...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - June 2, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Coagulation Management in End-Stage Liver Disease
(Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports)
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - May 16, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Regional Anesthesia for Trauma in the Emergency Department
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPain management in trauma patients is challenging. Triage, resuscitation, and treatment of life-threatening injuries remain the priority in the trauma patient. Once a trauma patient is stabilized, side effects of opioid-based analgesic regimens lead to undertreatment of pain. The use of regional anesthesia (RA) as part of a multimodal pain regimen is emerging in the field of emergency medicine. The purpose of this review, conducted by two nationally renowned RA and acute pain experts, is to review and synthesize recent literature exploring the use of RA in the emergency department (ED) to identify ...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - May 14, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Regional Analgesia and Acute Compartment Syndrome
(Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports)
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - April 30, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Coagulation Management in Trauma: Do We Need a Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assay?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCoagulopathy is present in nearly 25% of severely injured patients and increases significantly with administration of massive transfusion of blood products. The cell-based model of hemostasis provides a background on which the current understanding of Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy (ATC) is managed.Recent FindingsViscoelastic Hemostatic Assays (VHAs) generate results that identify severely injured trauma patients at risk for large-volume blood transfusion, coagulation deficiencies, and increased mortality that are available more quickly than Conventional Coagulation Tests (CCTs). Viscoelastic-guided ...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - April 27, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Coagulation Management in End-Stage Liver Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere is a precarious and altered balance in the hemostatic function encountered in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Anesthetic management of such patients is challenging with no clear guidelines for management of coagulopathy. This review helps in understanding this altered hemostatic physiology along with management of coagulopathy.Recent FindingsCoagulation is not abnormal in patients with ESLD, rather there is altered equilibrium in the procoagulants and anticoagulants. Commonly used laboratory tests do not predict the bleeding-risk, and there is little benefit in prophylactic admi...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - April 20, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Awake Intubation Techniques, and Why It Is Still an Important Skill to Master
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAwake intubation has been a staple of difficult airway management since the first American Society of Anesthesiologists difficult airway guidelines were developed in the 1980s. In current anesthetic practice, use of second generation supraglottic airways and video laryngoscopy are ubiquitous. The goal of this review is to examine the impact that these airway advances have had on the use of awake intubation and the need to maintain this skill.Recent FindingsDespite advancements, evidence suggests that the rate of awake intubation has changed little over the last two decades. Recent literature has fo...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 30, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Current Review of Analgesia and Regional Anesthesia Practices for Rib Fracture and Chest Wall Trauma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review is to illustrate the increasing value and options that are available to peri-operative teams when caring for patients with acute traumatic chest and thoracic injuries. It provides current literature to support the analgesic possibilities in the acute trauma setting.Recent FindingsWhile systemic opioids and analgesia via thoracic epidural remain the most utilized options, a growing number of other systemic adjuvants as well as peripheral and central acting nerve blocks are available. These distinct regional techniques can provide clinically significant analgesic results ...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 28, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Airway Management During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
AbstractPurpose of the reviewThis review summarizes the updated literature on airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It provides guidance for clinicians to carefully incorporate the most recent recommendations related to airway management, oxygenation, and ventilation both during CPR and after return of spontaneous circulation.Recent FindingsThe American Heart Association and the International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care provide updated recommendations related to airway management during CPR, which focus on advanced airway strategies in out-of-the hosp...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 25, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Von Willebrand Factor and Platelet Aggregation: from Bench to Clinical Practice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review describes von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated platelet function in inherited and acquired bleeding disorders, and current and novel approaches from bench to clinical practice used to perform research, diagnose, and treat bleeding disorders.Recent FindingsPatients can present with either qualitative or quantitative defects in VWF and/or platelets, which can be inherited or acquired. Understanding the structure –function relationships of VWF and platelets has led to clinically useful classification and treatment of coagulopathy. However, current bench and clinical assays can be time-co...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 21, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Is There a Role for Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Perioperative Trauma Patient?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review article summarizes the advantages and potential uses of focused transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the perioperative period for trauma patients. We suggest a locally developed TEE protocol for trauma and provide strategies to achieve widespread use of TEE in the anesthesia care of trauma patients.Recent FindingsIn recent years, TEE has gained interest as an additional modality as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for the resuscitation of acutely ill patients in whom transthoracic echocardiography is not feasible or non-diagnostic. Nevertheless, its use among non-cardiac anesthesio...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 19, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Airway Management in Cervical Spine Pathologies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTraumatic and non-traumatic pathologic processes can make airway management difficult. An understanding of pathologic mechanisms is important in identifying patients at risk. We aim to present a classification of cervical spine pathologies that can affect airway management.Recent FindingsStability of the cervical spine relates to its ability to limit the pattern of displacement under physiologic loads. Traumatic injuries are common but not the only causes of instability. Not all cervical spine pathologies are unstable. Secondary injuries can occur following movement, hypotension, or hypoxemia. Rece...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 14, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Predicting the Difficult Airway: How Useful Are Preoperative Airway Tests?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAvailable bedside predictors continue to have limitations in recognizing all patients with difficult airways. This review article aims to summarize the published literature from 2015 until 2021 regarding these predictors.Recent FindingsIn addition to traditionally described and recently proposed predictors, increasingly, technology such as ultrasound seems to improve accuracy of pre-airway management assessments.SummaryCurrent best practice advocates for a comprehensive airway examination to identify predictors for difficult bag-mask ventilation, supraglottic airway insertion, laryngoscopy and intu...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 14, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
Perioperative Platelet Transfusion: Not All Platelet Products Are Created Equal
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review highlights current advances in platelet components for transfusion in the perioperative setting while explaining point of care methods to assess platelet function.Recent FindingsThe variety of options for platelet transfusion continues to grow, and despite all being under the umbrella of platelet components, nuances in the different products may introduce variability in responses that remain to be fully elucidated. Choices regarding platelet additive solutions, monitoring bacterial contamination, pathogen reduction technologies, and storage conditions, require a risk –benefit analysis...
Source: Current Anesthesiology Reports - March 14, 2022 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research
