Determining the Relativity of Word Meanings Through the Construction of Individualized Models of Semantic Memory
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13413. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13413.ABSTRACTDistributional models of lexical semantics are capable of acquiring sophisticated representations of word meanings. The main theoretical insight provided by these models is that they demonstrate the systematic connection between the knowledge that people acquire and the experience that they have with the natural language environment. However, linguistic experience is inherently variable and differs radically across people due to demographic and cultural variables. Recently, distributional models have been used to examine how word meanings vary across language...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Brendan T Johns Source Type: research
The Icing on the Cake. Or Is it Frosting? The Influence of Group Membership on Children's Lexical Choices
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13410. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13410.ABSTRACTAdults are skilled at using language to construct/negotiate identity and to signal affiliation with others, but little is known about how these abilities develop in children. Clearly, children mirror statistical patterns in their local environment (e.g., Canadian children using zed instead of zee), but do they flexibly adapt their linguistic choices on the fly in response to the choices of different peers? To address this question, we examined the effect of group membership on 7- to 9-year-olds' labeling of objects in a trivia game, exploring whether they wer...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas St Pierre Jida Jaffan Craig G Chambers Elizabeth K Johnson Source Type: research
The Icing on the Cake. Or Is it Frosting? The Influence of Group Membership on Children's Lexical Choices
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13410. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13410.ABSTRACTAdults are skilled at using language to construct/negotiate identity and to signal affiliation with others, but little is known about how these abilities develop in children. Clearly, children mirror statistical patterns in their local environment (e.g., Canadian children using zed instead of zee), but do they flexibly adapt their linguistic choices on the fly in response to the choices of different peers? To address this question, we examined the effect of group membership on 7- to 9-year-olds' labeling of objects in a trivia game, exploring whether they wer...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas St Pierre Jida Jaffan Craig G Chambers Elizabeth K Johnson Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Spontaneous Eye Blinks Map the Probability of Perceptual Reinterpretation During Visual and Auditory Ambiguity
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13414. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13414.ABSTRACTSpontaneous eye blinks are modulated around perceptual events. Our previous study, using a visual ambiguous stimulus, indicated that blink probability decreases before a reported perceptual switch. In the current study, we tested our hypothesis that an absence of blinks marks a time in which perceptual switches are facilitated in- and outside the visual domain. In three experiments, presenting either a visual motion quartet in light or darkness or a bistable auditory streaming stimulus, we found a co-occurrence of blink rate reduction with increased perceptua...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 6, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Supriya Murali Barbara H ändel Source Type: research
Putting it Together, Together
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13405. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13405.ABSTRACTPeople are not as fast or as strong as many other creatures that evolved around us. What gives us an evolutionary advantage is working together to achieve common aims. Coordinating joint action begins at a tender age with such cooperative activities as alternating babbling and clapping games. Adult joint activities are far more complex and use multiple means of coordination. Joint action has attracted qualitative analyses by sociolinguists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers as well as empirical analyses and theories by cognitive scientists. Here, we anal...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen Zheng Barbara Tversky Source Type: research
The Keys to the Future? An Examination of Statistical Versus Discriminative Accounts of Serial Pattern Learning
We present three experiments that seek to examine these mechanisms during a typing task. Experiments 1 and 2 tested learning during typing single letters on each trial. Experiment 3 tested for "chunking" of these letters into "words." The results of these experiments were used to examine the mechanisms that could best account for them, with a focus on two particular proposals: statistical transitional probability learning and discriminative error-driven learning. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that error-driven learning was a better predictor of response latencies than either n-gram frequencies or transitional probabilities. N...
Source: Cognitive Science - January 31, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fabian Tomaschek Michael Ramscar Jessie S Nixon Source Type: research
Modeling Magnitude Discrimination: Effects of Internal Precision and Attentional Weighting of Feature Dimensions
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13409. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13409.ABSTRACTGiven a rich environment, how do we decide on what information to use? A view of a single entity (e.g., a group of birds) affords many distinct interpretations, including their number, average size, and spatial extent. An enduring challenge for cognition, therefore, is to focus resources on the most relevant evidence for any particular decision. In the present study, subjects completed three tasks-number discrimination, surface area discrimination, and convex hull discrimination-with the same stimulus set, where these three features were orthogonalized. There...
Source: Cognitive Science - January 31, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Emily M Sanford Chad M Topaz Justin Halberda Source Type: research
Hand Gestures Have Predictive Potential During Conversation: An Investigation of the Timing of Gestures in Relation to Speech
Cogn Sci. 2024 Jan;48(1):e13407. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13407.ABSTRACTDuring face-to-face conversation, transitions between speaker turns are incredibly fast. These fast turn exchanges seem to involve next speakers predicting upcoming semantic information, such that next turn planning can begin before a current turn is complete. Given that face-to-face conversation also involves the use of communicative bodily signals, an important question is how bodily signals such as co-speech hand gestures play into these processes of prediction and fast responding. In this corpus study, we found that hand gestures that depict or refer to s...
Source: Cognitive Science - January 27, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marlijn Ter Bekke Linda Drijvers Judith Holler Source Type: research
