Integrating Social Cognition Into Domain-General Control: Interactive Activation and Competition for the Control of Action (ICON)
This study underscores the importance of integrating social cognition within the broader realm of domain-general control processing, offering a unified perspective on task processing.PMID:38407496 | DOI:10.1111/cogs.13415 (Source: Cognitive Science)
Source: Cognitive Science - February 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Robert Ward Richard Ramsey Source Type: research
Cognitive Science From the Perspective of Linguistic Diversity
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13418. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13418.ABSTRACTThis letter addresses two issues in language research that are important to cognitive science: the comparability of word meanings across languages and the neglect of an integrated approach to writing systems. The first issue challenges generativist claims by emphasizing the importance of comparability of data, drawing on typologists' findings about different languages. The second issue addresses the exclusion of diverse writing systems from linguistic investigation and argues for a more extensive study of their effects on language and cognition. We argue for ...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 26, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yoolim Kim Annika Tjuka Source Type: research
The Information-Processing Perspective on Categorization
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13411. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13411.ABSTRACTCategorization behavior can be fruitfully analyzed in terms of the trade-off between as high as possible faithfulness in the transmission of information about samples of the classes to be categorized, and as low as possible transmission costs for that same information. The kinds of categorization behaviors we associate with conceptual atoms, prototypes, and exemplars emerge naturally as a result of this trade-off, in the presence of certain natural constraints on the probabilistic distribution of samples, and the ways in which we measure faithfulness. Beyond ...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manolo Mart ínez Source Type: research
How Prior Knowledge, Gesture Instruction, and Interference After Instruction Interact to Influence Learning of Mathematical Equivalence
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13412. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13412.ABSTRACTAlthough children learn more when teachers gesture, it is not clear how gesture supports learning. Here, we sought to investigate the nature of the memory processes that underlie the observed benefits of gesture on lasting learning. We hypothesized that instruction with gesture might create memory representations that are particularly resistant to interference. We investigated this possibility in a classroom study with 402 second- and third-grade children. Participants received classroom-level instruction in mathematical equivalence using videos with or witho...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Susan Wagner Cook Elle M D Wernette Madison Valentine Mary Aldugom Todd Pruner Kimberly M Fenn Source Type: research
Determining the Relativity of Word Meanings Through the Construction of Individualized Models of Semantic Memory
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13413. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13413.ABSTRACTDistributional models of lexical semantics are capable of acquiring sophisticated representations of word meanings. The main theoretical insight provided by these models is that they demonstrate the systematic connection between the knowledge that people acquire and the experience that they have with the natural language environment. However, linguistic experience is inherently variable and differs radically across people due to demographic and cultural variables. Recently, distributional models have been used to examine how word meanings vary across language...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Brendan T Johns Source Type: research
The Information-Processing Perspective on Categorization
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13411. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13411.ABSTRACTCategorization behavior can be fruitfully analyzed in terms of the trade-off between as high as possible faithfulness in the transmission of information about samples of the classes to be categorized, and as low as possible transmission costs for that same information. The kinds of categorization behaviors we associate with conceptual atoms, prototypes, and exemplars emerge naturally as a result of this trade-off, in the presence of certain natural constraints on the probabilistic distribution of samples, and the ways in which we measure faithfulness. Beyond ...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Manolo Mart ínez Source Type: research
How Prior Knowledge, Gesture Instruction, and Interference After Instruction Interact to Influence Learning of Mathematical Equivalence
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13412. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13412.ABSTRACTAlthough children learn more when teachers gesture, it is not clear how gesture supports learning. Here, we sought to investigate the nature of the memory processes that underlie the observed benefits of gesture on lasting learning. We hypothesized that instruction with gesture might create memory representations that are particularly resistant to interference. We investigated this possibility in a classroom study with 402 second- and third-grade children. Participants received classroom-level instruction in mathematical equivalence using videos with or witho...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Susan Wagner Cook Elle M D Wernette Madison Valentine Mary Aldugom Todd Pruner Kimberly M Fenn Source Type: research
Determining the Relativity of Word Meanings Through the Construction of Individualized Models of Semantic Memory
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13413. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13413.ABSTRACTDistributional models of lexical semantics are capable of acquiring sophisticated representations of word meanings. The main theoretical insight provided by these models is that they demonstrate the systematic connection between the knowledge that people acquire and the experience that they have with the natural language environment. However, linguistic experience is inherently variable and differs radically across people due to demographic and cultural variables. Recently, distributional models have been used to examine how word meanings vary across language...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 25, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Brendan T Johns Source Type: research
The Icing on the Cake. Or Is it Frosting? The Influence of Group Membership on Children's Lexical Choices
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13410. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13410.ABSTRACTAdults are skilled at using language to construct/negotiate identity and to signal affiliation with others, but little is known about how these abilities develop in children. Clearly, children mirror statistical patterns in their local environment (e.g., Canadian children using zed instead of zee), but do they flexibly adapt their linguistic choices on the fly in response to the choices of different peers? To address this question, we examined the effect of group membership on 7- to 9-year-olds' labeling of objects in a trivia game, exploring whether they wer...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas St Pierre Jida Jaffan Craig G Chambers Elizabeth K Johnson Source Type: research
The Icing on the Cake. Or Is it Frosting? The Influence of Group Membership on Children's Lexical Choices
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13410. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13410.ABSTRACTAdults are skilled at using language to construct/negotiate identity and to signal affiliation with others, but little is known about how these abilities develop in children. Clearly, children mirror statistical patterns in their local environment (e.g., Canadian children using zed instead of zee), but do they flexibly adapt their linguistic choices on the fly in response to the choices of different peers? To address this question, we examined the effect of group membership on 7- to 9-year-olds' labeling of objects in a trivia game, exploring whether they wer...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Thomas St Pierre Jida Jaffan Craig G Chambers Elizabeth K Johnson Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
Calculated Comparisons: Manufacturing Societal Causal Judgments by Implying Different Counterfactual Outcomes
Cogn Sci. 2024 Feb;48(2):e13408. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13408.ABSTRACTHow do people come to opposite causal judgments about societal problems, such as whether a public health policy reduced COVID-19 cases? The current research tests an understudied cognitive mechanism in which people may agree about what actually happened (e.g., that a public health policy was implemented and COVID-19 cases declined), but can be made to disagree about the counterfactual, or what would have happened otherwise (e.g., whether COVID-19 cases would have declined naturally without intervention) via comparison cases. Across two preregistered studies (...
Source: Cognitive Science - February 7, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jamie Amemiya Gail D Heyman Caren M Walker Source Type: research
