Uncertain Facts or Uncertain Values? Testing the Distinction Between Empirical and Normative Uncertainty in Moral Judgments
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13422. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13422.ABSTRACTPeople can be uncertain in their moral judgments. Philosophers have argued that such uncertainty can either refer to the underlying empirical facts (empirical uncertainty) or to the normative evaluation of these facts itself (normative uncertainty). Psychological investigations of this distinction, however, are rare. In this paper, we combined factor-analytical and experimental approaches to show that empirical and normative uncertainty describe two related but different psychological states. In Study 1, we asked N = 265 participants to describe a case of mor...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maximilian Theisen Markus Germar Source Type: research
Enriching Thinking Through Discourse
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13420. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13420.ABSTRACTGreat effort is invested in identifying ways to change people's minds on an issue. A first priority should perhaps be enriching their thinking about the issue. With a goal of enriching their thinking, we studied the views of community adults on the DACA issue-young adults who entered the United States illegally as children. A dialogic method was employed, offering dual benefits in providing participants the opportunity to further develop their own ideas and to consider differing ideas. Yet, participants engaged in dialog only vicariously by observing the talk...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deanna Kuhn Sybille Bruun Caroline Geithner Source Type: research
Probing the Representational Structure of Regular Polysemy via Sense Analogy Questions: Insights from Contextual Word Vectors
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13416. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13416.ABSTRACTRegular polysemes are sets of ambiguous words that all share the same relationship between their meanings, such as CHICKEN and LOBSTER both referring to an animal or its meat. To probe how a distributional semantic model, here exemplified by bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), represents regular polysemy, we analyzed whether its embeddings support answering sense analogy questions similar to "is the mapping between CHICKEN (as an animal) and CHICKEN (as a meat) similar to that which maps between LOBSTER (as an animal) to LOBSTER (a...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jiangtian Li Blair C Armstrong Source Type: research
Uncertain Facts or Uncertain Values? Testing the Distinction Between Empirical and Normative Uncertainty in Moral Judgments
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13422. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13422.ABSTRACTPeople can be uncertain in their moral judgments. Philosophers have argued that such uncertainty can either refer to the underlying empirical facts (empirical uncertainty) or to the normative evaluation of these facts itself (normative uncertainty). Psychological investigations of this distinction, however, are rare. In this paper, we combined factor-analytical and experimental approaches to show that empirical and normative uncertainty describe two related but different psychological states. In Study 1, we asked N = 265 participants to describe a case of mor...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maximilian Theisen Markus Germar Source Type: research
Enriching Thinking Through Discourse
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13420. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13420.ABSTRACTGreat effort is invested in identifying ways to change people's minds on an issue. A first priority should perhaps be enriching their thinking about the issue. With a goal of enriching their thinking, we studied the views of community adults on the DACA issue-young adults who entered the United States illegally as children. A dialogic method was employed, offering dual benefits in providing participants the opportunity to further develop their own ideas and to consider differing ideas. Yet, participants engaged in dialog only vicariously by observing the talk...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deanna Kuhn Sybille Bruun Caroline Geithner Source Type: research
Probing the Representational Structure of Regular Polysemy via Sense Analogy Questions: Insights from Contextual Word Vectors
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13416. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13416.ABSTRACTRegular polysemes are sets of ambiguous words that all share the same relationship between their meanings, such as CHICKEN and LOBSTER both referring to an animal or its meat. To probe how a distributional semantic model, here exemplified by bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), represents regular polysemy, we analyzed whether its embeddings support answering sense analogy questions similar to "is the mapping between CHICKEN (as an animal) and CHICKEN (as a meat) similar to that which maps between LOBSTER (as an animal) to LOBSTER (a...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jiangtian Li Blair C Armstrong Source Type: research
Lexical Alignment is Pervasive Across Contexts in Non-WEIRD Adult-Child Interactions
This study makes significant expansions on the existing literature by focusing on alignment in naturalistic conversations of school-aged children from a non-WEIRD population across multiple conversational tasks and with different types of adult partners. Typically developing children aged 5 to 8 years (n = 45) engaged in four semi-structured conversations that differed by task (problem-solving vs. play-based) and by partner (parent vs. university student), resulting in a corpus of 180 conversations. Lexical alignment scores were calculated and compared to sham conversations, representing alignment occurring at the level of...
Source: Cognitive Science - March 13, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Adriana Chee Jing Chieng Camille J Wynn Tze Peng Wong Tyson S Barrett Stephanie A Borrie Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
The Role of Feedback in the Statistical Learning of Language-Like Regularities
Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar;48(3):e13419. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13419.ABSTRACTIn language learning, learners engage with their environment, incorporating cues from different sources. However, in lab-based experiments, using artificial languages, many of the cues and features that are part of real-world language learning are stripped away. In three experiments, we investigated the role of positive, negative, and mixed feedback on the gradual learning of language-like statistical regularities within an active guessing game paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants received deterministic feedback (100%), whereas probabilistic feedback (i.e....
Source: Cognitive Science - March 4, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Felicity F Frinsel Fabio Trecca Morten H Christiansen Source Type: research
