Hierarchical and dynamic relationships between body part ownership and full-body ownership
Cognition. 2024 Feb 15;246:105697. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105697. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhat is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the perceptual binding of visual and somatosensory signals from specific body parts, whereas full-body ownership depends on a more global binding process based on multisensory information from several body segments. To examine this hypothesis, we used a bodily illusion and asked participants to rate illusory changes in ownership over five different parts of a man...
Source: Cognition - February 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sophie H O'Kane Marie Chancel H Henrik Ehrsson Source Type: research
An investigation of the effect of logical structures on Chinese preschool children's counterfactual reasoning development
Cognition. 2024 Feb 15;246:105744. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105744. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCounterfactual reasoning helps people to learn from the past to prepare for the future. In contrast to English with counterfactual markers that directly signal counterfactual reasoning, Mandarin Chinese indicates counterfactual reasoning by counterfactuality enhancers, which enhance rather than directly signal entry into the counterfactual realm. There are more counterfactuality enhancers in subtractive than additive counterfactual premises. Hence, Chinese-speaking children might more readily interpret subtractive than ad...
Source: Cognition - February 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Yanwen Wu Source Type: research
Hierarchical and dynamic relationships between body part ownership and full-body ownership
Cognition. 2024 Feb 15;246:105697. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105697. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhat is the relationship between experiencing individual body parts and the whole body as one's own? We theorised that body part ownership is driven primarily by the perceptual binding of visual and somatosensory signals from specific body parts, whereas full-body ownership depends on a more global binding process based on multisensory information from several body segments. To examine this hypothesis, we used a bodily illusion and asked participants to rate illusory changes in ownership over five different parts of a man...
Source: Cognition - February 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sophie H O'Kane Marie Chancel H Henrik Ehrsson Source Type: research
Why are there no girls? Increasing children's recognition of structural causes of the gender gap in STEM
Cognition. 2024 Feb 14;245:105740. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105740. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe gender disparity in STEM fields emerges early in development. This research examined children's explanations for this gap and investigated two approaches to enhance children's structural understanding that this imbalance is caused by societal, systematic barriers. Five- to 8-year-old children (N = 145) observed girls' underrepresentation in a STEM competition; the No Structural Information condition presented no additional information, the Structural: Between-Group Comparison (Between) condition compared boys' greater...
Source: Cognition - February 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Jamie Amemiya Lin Bian Source Type: research
Why are there no girls? Increasing children's recognition of structural causes of the gender gap in STEM
Cognition. 2024 Feb 14;245:105740. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105740. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe gender disparity in STEM fields emerges early in development. This research examined children's explanations for this gap and investigated two approaches to enhance children's structural understanding that this imbalance is caused by societal, systematic barriers. Five- to 8-year-old children (N = 145) observed girls' underrepresentation in a STEM competition; the No Structural Information condition presented no additional information, the Structural: Between-Group Comparison (Between) condition compared boys' greater...
Source: Cognition - February 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Jamie Amemiya Lin Bian Source Type: research
Distinguishing between intrinsic and instrumental sources of the value of choice
Cognition. 2024 Feb 12;245:105742. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105742. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsiderable evidence suggests that people value the freedom to choose. However, it is unclear whether this preference for choice stems purely from choice's intrinsic value, or whether people prefer to choose because it tends to provide instrumental information about desirable outcomes. To address this question, participants completed a novel choice task in which they could freely choose to exert choice or not, manipulating the level of instrumental contingency between participants' choices and eventual outcomes, which we...
Source: Cognition - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sean Devine Kevin da Silva Castanheira Stephen M Fleming A Ross Otto Source Type: research
How to overcome biases against creativity: The role of familiarity with and confidence in original solutions
Cognition. 2024 Feb 12;245:105741. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105741. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite the societal relevance of creative ideas, humans favor traditional over more original solutions, conceivably because of the increased uncertainty that comes with trying novel approaches. Here, we tested whether this anti-creativity bias can be counteracted by increasing familiarity with, and confidence in, creative solutions. Participants chose between creative and traditional uses for given objects. In study 1 (N = 67 international adults), these objects repeated either identically or conceptually during the expe...
Source: Cognition - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Moritz Reis Wilfried Kunde Source Type: research
Distinguishing between intrinsic and instrumental sources of the value of choice
Cognition. 2024 Feb 12;245:105742. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105742. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsiderable evidence suggests that people value the freedom to choose. However, it is unclear whether this preference for choice stems purely from choice's intrinsic value, or whether people prefer to choose because it tends to provide instrumental information about desirable outcomes. To address this question, participants completed a novel choice task in which they could freely choose to exert choice or not, manipulating the level of instrumental contingency between participants' choices and eventual outcomes, which we...
Source: Cognition - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sean Devine Kevin da Silva Castanheira Stephen M Fleming A Ross Otto Source Type: research
How to overcome biases against creativity: The role of familiarity with and confidence in original solutions
Cognition. 2024 Feb 12;245:105741. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105741. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite the societal relevance of creative ideas, humans favor traditional over more original solutions, conceivably because of the increased uncertainty that comes with trying novel approaches. Here, we tested whether this anti-creativity bias can be counteracted by increasing familiarity with, and confidence in, creative solutions. Participants chose between creative and traditional uses for given objects. In study 1 (N = 67 international adults), these objects repeated either identically or conceptually during the expe...
Source: Cognition - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Moritz Reis Wilfried Kunde Source Type: research
Syllabic rhythm and prior linguistic knowledge interact with individual differences to modulate phonological statistical learning
Cognition. 2024 Feb 10;245:105737. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105737. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPhonological statistical learning - our ability to extract meaningful regularities from spoken language - is considered critical in the early stages of language acquisition, in particular for helping to identify discrete words in continuous speech. Most phonological statistical learning studies use an experimental task introduced by Saffran et al. (1996), in which the syllables forming the words to be learned are presented continuously and isochronously. This raises the question of the extent to which this purportedly pow...
Source: Cognition - February 11, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Ireri G ómez Varela Joan Orpella David Poeppel Pablo Ripolles M Florencia Assaneo Source Type: research
Internal attention modulates the functional state of novel stimulus-response associations in working memory
Cognition. 2024 Feb 9;245:105739. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105739. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInformation in working memory (WM) is crucial for guiding behavior. However, not all WM representations are equally relevant simultaneously. Current theoretical frameworks propose a functional dissociation between 'latent' and 'active' states, in which relevant representations are prioritized into an optimal (active) state to face current demands, while relevant information that is not immediately needed is maintained in a dormant (latent) state. In this context, task demands can induce rapid and flexible prioritization of...
Source: Cognition - February 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Silvia Formica Ana F Palenciano Luc Vermeylen Nicholas E Myers Marcel Brass Carlos Gonz ález-García Source Type: research
Volition motivates cognitive performance at the response-execution level by attenuating task-irrelevant motor activations
Cognition. 2024 Feb 9;245:105738. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105738. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHumans express volition by making voluntary choices which, relative to forced choices, can motivate cognitive performance in a variety of tasks. However, a task that requires the generation of motor responses on the basis of external sensory stimulation involves complex underlying cognitive processes, e.g., pre-response processing, response selection, and response execution. The present study investigated how these underlying processes are facilitated by voluntary choice-making. In five experiments, participants were free ...
Source: Cognition - February 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoxiao Luo Lihui Wang Xiaolin Zhou Source Type: research
Modeling early phonetic acquisition from child-centered audio data
Cognition. 2024 Feb 8;245:105734. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105734. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfants learn their native language(s) at an amazing speed. Before they even talk, their perception adapts to the language(s) they hear. However, the mechanisms responsible for this perceptual attunement and the circumstances in which it takes place remain unclear. This paper presents the first attempt to study perceptual attunement using ecological child-centered audio data. We show that a simple prediction algorithm exhibits perceptual attunement when applied on unrealistic clean audio-book data, but fails to do so when ...
Source: Cognition - February 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Marvin Lavechin Maureen de Seyssel Marianne M étais Florian Metze Abdelrahman Mohamed Herv é Bredin Emmanuel Dupoux Alejandrina Cristia Source Type: research
Spatial relation categorization in infants and deep neural networks
Cognition. 2024 Feb 7;245:105690. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105690. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSpatial relations, such as above, below, between, and containment, are important mediators in children's understanding of the world (Piaget, 1954). The development of these relational categories in infancy has been extensively studied (Quinn, 2003) yet little is known about their computational underpinnings. Using developmental tests, we examine the extent to which deep neural networks, pretrained on a standard vision benchmark or egocentric video captured from one baby's perspective, form categorical representations for v...
Source: Cognition - February 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Guy Davidson A Emin Orhan Brenden M Lake Source Type: research
No verbal overshadowing in aphantasia: The role of visual imagery for the verbal overshadowing effect
Cognition. 2024 Feb 5;245:105732. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105732. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe verbal overshadowing effect refers to the phenomenon that the verbal description of a past complex stimulus impairs its subsequent recognition. Theoretical explanations range from interference between different mental representations to the activation of different processing orientations or a provoked shift in the recognition criterion. In our study, 61 participants with aphantasia (= lack of mental imagery) and 70 controls participated in a verbal overshadowing paradigm. The verbal overshadowing effect did not occur i...
Source: Cognition - February 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Merlin Monzel Jennifer Handlogten Martin Reuter Source Type: research
