Working memory capacity for continuous events: The root of temporal compression in episodic memory?
In this study, we evaluated whether such temporal compression emerges when continuous events are too long to be fully held in working memory. To do so, we asked 90 young adults to watch and mentally replay video clips showing people performing a continuous action (e.g., turning a car jack) that lasted 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 s. For each clip, participants had to carefully watch the event and then to mentally replay it as accurately and precisely as possible. Results showed that mental replay durations increased with event duration but in a non-linear manner: they were close to the actual event duration for short videos (3-9 s),...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathan Leroy Steve Majerus Arnaud D'Argembeau Source Type: research
Category Locality Theory: A unified account of locality effects in sentence comprehension
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105766. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105766. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn real-time sentence comprehension, the comprehender is often required to establish syntactic dependencies between words that are linearly distant. Major models of sentence comprehension assume that longer dependencies are more difficult to process because of working memory limitations. While the expected effect of distance on reading times (locality effect) has been robustly observed in certain constructions, such as relative clauses in English, its generalizability to a wider range of constructions has been empirically ...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinnosuke Isono Source Type: research
Me or we? Action-outcome learning in synchronous joint action
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105785. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal-directed behaviour requires mental representations that encode instrumental relationships between actions and their outcomes. The present study investigated how people acquire representations of joint actions where co-actors perform synchronized action contributions to produce joint outcomes in the environment. Adapting an experimental procedure to assess individual action-outcome learning, we tested whether co-acting individuals link jointly produced action outcomes to individual-level features of their own action co...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maximilian Marschner David Dignath G ünther Knoblich Source Type: research
Three key questions to move towards a theoretical framework of visuospatial perspective taking
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105787. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhat would a theory of visuospatial perspective taking (VSPT) look like? Here, ten researchers in the field, many with different theoretical viewpoints and empirical approaches, present their consensus on the three big questions we need to answer in order to bring this theory (or these theories) closer.PMID:38583320 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105787 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Steven Samuel Thorsten M Erle Louise P Kirsch Andrew Surtees Ian Apperly Henryk Bukowski Malika Auvray Caroline Catmur Klaus Kessler Francois Quesque Source Type: research
Cognitive offloading is value-based decision making: Modelling cognitive effort and the expected value of memory
This article presents a simple computational model based on two principles: A) items stored in brain-based memory occupy its limited capacity, generating an opportunity cost; B) reminders incur a small physical-action cost, but capacity is effectively unlimited. These costs are balanced against the value of remembering, which determines the optimal strategy. Simulations reproduce many empirical findings, including: 1) preferential offloading of high-value items; 2) increased offloading at higher memory loads; 3) offloading can cause forgetting of offloaded items ('Google effect') but 4) improved memory for other items ('sa...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Sam J Gilbert Source Type: research
Working memory capacity for continuous events: The root of temporal compression in episodic memory?
In this study, we evaluated whether such temporal compression emerges when continuous events are too long to be fully held in working memory. To do so, we asked 90 young adults to watch and mentally replay video clips showing people performing a continuous action (e.g., turning a car jack) that lasted 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 s. For each clip, participants had to carefully watch the event and then to mentally replay it as accurately and precisely as possible. Results showed that mental replay durations increased with event duration but in a non-linear manner: they were close to the actual event duration for short videos (3-9 s),...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Nathan Leroy Steve Majerus Arnaud D'Argembeau Source Type: research
Category Locality Theory: A unified account of locality effects in sentence comprehension
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105766. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105766. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn real-time sentence comprehension, the comprehender is often required to establish syntactic dependencies between words that are linearly distant. Major models of sentence comprehension assume that longer dependencies are more difficult to process because of working memory limitations. While the expected effect of distance on reading times (locality effect) has been robustly observed in certain constructions, such as relative clauses in English, its generalizability to a wider range of constructions has been empirically ...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinnosuke Isono Source Type: research
Me or we? Action-outcome learning in synchronous joint action
Cognition. 2024 Apr 6;247:105785. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105785. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGoal-directed behaviour requires mental representations that encode instrumental relationships between actions and their outcomes. The present study investigated how people acquire representations of joint actions where co-actors perform synchronized action contributions to produce joint outcomes in the environment. Adapting an experimental procedure to assess individual action-outcome learning, we tested whether co-acting individuals link jointly produced action outcomes to individual-level features of their own action co...
Source: Cognition - April 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maximilian Marschner David Dignath G ünther Knoblich Source Type: research
Finding the meaning in meaning maps: Quantifying the roles of semantic and non-semantic scene information in guiding visual attention
This study aims to disentangle these two sources of information by considering both conceptual information and non-semantic scene entropy simultaneously. We found that both semantic and non-semantic information is captured by meaning maps, but scene entropy accounted for more unique variance in the success of meaning maps than conceptual information. Additionally, some explained variance was unaccounted for by either source of information. Thus, although meaning maps may index some aspect of semantic information, their success seems to be better explained by non-semantic information. We conclude that meaning maps may not y...
Source: Cognition - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maarten Leemans Claudia Damiano Johan Wagemans Source Type: research
Finding the meaning in meaning maps: Quantifying the roles of semantic and non-semantic scene information in guiding visual attention
This study aims to disentangle these two sources of information by considering both conceptual information and non-semantic scene entropy simultaneously. We found that both semantic and non-semantic information is captured by meaning maps, but scene entropy accounted for more unique variance in the success of meaning maps than conceptual information. Additionally, some explained variance was unaccounted for by either source of information. Thus, although meaning maps may index some aspect of semantic information, their success seems to be better explained by non-semantic information. We conclude that meaning maps may not y...
Source: Cognition - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Maarten Leemans Claudia Damiano Johan Wagemans Source Type: research
Emotions before actions: When children see costs as causal
Cognition. 2024 Apr 2;247:105774. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105774. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdults expect people to be biased by sunk costs, but young children do not. We tested between two accounts for why children overlook the sunk cost bias. On one account, children do not see sunk costs as causal. The other account posits that children see sunk costs as causal, but unlike adults, think future actions cannot make up for sunk costs. These accounts make opposing predictions about whether children should see sunk costs as affecting emotions. Across three experiments, 4-7-year-olds (total N = 320) and adults (tota...
Source: Cognition - April 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Claudia G Sehl Ori Friedman Stephanie Denison Source Type: research
Emotions before actions: When children see costs as causal
Cognition. 2024 Apr 2;247:105774. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105774. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdults expect people to be biased by sunk costs, but young children do not. We tested between two accounts for why children overlook the sunk cost bias. On one account, children do not see sunk costs as causal. The other account posits that children see sunk costs as causal, but unlike adults, think future actions cannot make up for sunk costs. These accounts make opposing predictions about whether children should see sunk costs as affecting emotions. Across three experiments, 4-7-year-olds (total N = 320) and adults (tota...
Source: Cognition - April 4, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Claudia G Sehl Ori Friedman Stephanie Denison Source Type: research
Perceived gaze dynamics in social interactions can alter (and even reverse) the perceived temporal order of events
Cognition. 2024 Apr 2;247:105745. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105745. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHere's an all-too-familiar scenario: Person A is staring at person B, and then B turns toward A, and A immediately looks away (a phenomenon we call 'gaze deflection'). Beyond perceiving lower-level properties here - such as the timing of the eye/head turns - you can also readily perceive seemingly higher-level social dynamics: A got caught staring, and frantically looked away in embarrassment! It seems natural to assume that such social impressions are based on more fundamental representations of what happened when - but h...
Source: Cognition - April 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Clara Colombatto Yi-Chia Chen 陳鴨嘉 Brian J Scholl Source Type: research
Perceived gaze dynamics in social interactions can alter (and even reverse) the perceived temporal order of events
Cognition. 2024 Apr 2;247:105745. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105745. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHere's an all-too-familiar scenario: Person A is staring at person B, and then B turns toward A, and A immediately looks away (a phenomenon we call 'gaze deflection'). Beyond perceiving lower-level properties here - such as the timing of the eye/head turns - you can also readily perceive seemingly higher-level social dynamics: A got caught staring, and frantically looked away in embarrassment! It seems natural to assume that such social impressions are based on more fundamental representations of what happened when - but h...
Source: Cognition - April 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Clara Colombatto Yi-Chia Chen 陳鴨嘉 Brian J Scholl Source Type: research
What drives disagreement about moral hypocrisy? Perceived comparability and how people exploit it to criticize enemies and defend allies
Cognition. 2024 Apr 1;247:105773. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105773. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCharges of hypocrisy are usually thought to be to be damning. Yet when a hypocrisy charge is made, there often remains disagreement about whether or not its target really is a hypocrite. Why? Three pre-registered experiments (N = 2599) conceptualize and test the role of perceived comparability in evaluating hypocrisy. Calling someone a hypocrite typically entails invoking a comparison-one meant to highlight internal contradiction and cast moral character into question. Yet there is ambiguity about which sorts of comparison...
Source: Cognition - April 2, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Ike Silver Jonathan Z Berman Source Type: research
