Rotating objects cue spatial attention via the perception of frictive surface contact
We report a new attentional cueing effect, which shows how attention models the physical force of friction. Most objects we see are in frictive contact with a 'floor', such that clockwise rotation causes rightward movement and counterclockwise rotation leftward movement. Is this regularity encoded in spatial orienting responses? In Experiment 1, seeing a clockwise-rotating 'wheel' produced faster responses to subsequent targets appearing on the right vs. left (and vice versa for counterclockwise rotation). Thus, when viewing a lone rotating wheel, we orient attention toward where we predict it will move next, assuming fric...
Source: Cognition - November 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hong B Nguyen Benjamin van Buren Source Type: research
Rotating objects cue spatial attention via the perception of frictive surface contact
We report a new attentional cueing effect, which shows how attention models the physical force of friction. Most objects we see are in frictive contact with a 'floor', such that clockwise rotation causes rightward movement and counterclockwise rotation leftward movement. Is this regularity encoded in spatial orienting responses? In Experiment 1, seeing a clockwise-rotating 'wheel' produced faster responses to subsequent targets appearing on the right vs. left (and vice versa for counterclockwise rotation). Thus, when viewing a lone rotating wheel, we orient attention toward where we predict it will move next, assuming fric...
Source: Cognition - November 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hong B Nguyen Benjamin van Buren Source Type: research
Rotating objects cue spatial attention via the perception of frictive surface contact
We report a new attentional cueing effect, which shows how attention models the physical force of friction. Most objects we see are in frictive contact with a 'floor', such that clockwise rotation causes rightward movement and counterclockwise rotation leftward movement. Is this regularity encoded in spatial orienting responses? In Experiment 1, seeing a clockwise-rotating 'wheel' produced faster responses to subsequent targets appearing on the right vs. left (and vice versa for counterclockwise rotation). Thus, when viewing a lone rotating wheel, we orient attention toward where we predict it will move next, assuming fric...
Source: Cognition - November 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hong B Nguyen Benjamin van Buren Source Type: research
Evidence for positive and negative transfer of abstract task knowledge in adults and school-aged children
Cognition. 2023 Oct 30;242:105650. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105650. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEngaging cognitive control is essential to flexibly adapt to constantly changing environments. However, relatively little is known about how prior task experience impacts on the engagement of cognitive control in novel task environments. We aimed to clarify how individuals learn and transfer the engagement of cognitive control with a focus on the hierarchical and temporal aspects of task knowledge. Highlighting two distinct cognitive control processes, the engagement of cognitive control in advance (proactive control) and...
Source: Cognition - November 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaichi Yanaoka F élice Van't Wout Satoru Saito Christopher Jarrold Source Type: research
Evidence for positive and negative transfer of abstract task knowledge in adults and school-aged children
Cognition. 2023 Oct 30;242:105650. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105650. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEngaging cognitive control is essential to flexibly adapt to constantly changing environments. However, relatively little is known about how prior task experience impacts on the engagement of cognitive control in novel task environments. We aimed to clarify how individuals learn and transfer the engagement of cognitive control with a focus on the hierarchical and temporal aspects of task knowledge. Highlighting two distinct cognitive control processes, the engagement of cognitive control in advance (proactive control) and...
Source: Cognition - November 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaichi Yanaoka F élice Van't Wout Satoru Saito Christopher Jarrold Source Type: research
Na ïve information aggregation in human social learning
We report on three multi-player experiments examining the dynamics of both mixed human-artificial and all-human social networks. Our analyses suggest that most human inferences are best described by a naïve learning account that is insensitive to known or inferred dependencies between network peers. Consequently, we find that simulated social learners that assume their peers behave rationally make systematic judgment errors when reasoning on the basis of actual human communications. We suggest human groups learn collectively through naïve signaling and aggregation that is computationally efficient and surprisingly robust...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: J-Philipp Fr änken Simon Valentin Christopher G Lucas Neil R Bramley Source Type: research
Learned associations serve as target proxies during difficult but not easy visual search
Cognition. 2023 Oct 26;242:105648. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105648. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe target template contains information in memory that is used to guide attention during visual search and is typically thought of as containing features of the actual target object. However, when targets are hard to find, it is advantageous to use other information in the visual environment that is predictive of the target's location to help guide attention. The purpose of these studies was to test if newly learned associations between face and scene category images lead observers to use scene information as a proxy for...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhiheng Zhou Joy J Geng Source Type: research
Na ïve information aggregation in human social learning
We report on three multi-player experiments examining the dynamics of both mixed human-artificial and all-human social networks. Our analyses suggest that most human inferences are best described by a naïve learning account that is insensitive to known or inferred dependencies between network peers. Consequently, we find that simulated social learners that assume their peers behave rationally make systematic judgment errors when reasoning on the basis of actual human communications. We suggest human groups learn collectively through naïve signaling and aggregation that is computationally efficient and surprisingly robust...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: J-Philipp Fr änken Simon Valentin Christopher G Lucas Neil R Bramley Source Type: research
Learned associations serve as target proxies during difficult but not easy visual search
Cognition. 2023 Oct 26;242:105648. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105648. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe target template contains information in memory that is used to guide attention during visual search and is typically thought of as containing features of the actual target object. However, when targets are hard to find, it is advantageous to use other information in the visual environment that is predictive of the target's location to help guide attention. The purpose of these studies was to test if newly learned associations between face and scene category images lead observers to use scene information as a proxy for...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhiheng Zhou Joy J Geng Source Type: research
Na ïve information aggregation in human social learning
We report on three multi-player experiments examining the dynamics of both mixed human-artificial and all-human social networks. Our analyses suggest that most human inferences are best described by a naïve learning account that is insensitive to known or inferred dependencies between network peers. Consequently, we find that simulated social learners that assume their peers behave rationally make systematic judgment errors when reasoning on the basis of actual human communications. We suggest human groups learn collectively through naïve signaling and aggregation that is computationally efficient and surprisingly robust...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: J-Philipp Fr änken Simon Valentin Christopher G Lucas Neil R Bramley Source Type: research
Learned associations serve as target proxies during difficult but not easy visual search
Cognition. 2023 Oct 26;242:105648. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105648. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe target template contains information in memory that is used to guide attention during visual search and is typically thought of as containing features of the actual target object. However, when targets are hard to find, it is advantageous to use other information in the visual environment that is predictive of the target's location to help guide attention. The purpose of these studies was to test if newly learned associations between face and scene category images lead observers to use scene information as a proxy for...
Source: Cognition - October 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhiheng Zhou Joy J Geng Source Type: research
Conditionals in context: Brain signatures of prediction in discourse processing
Cognition. 2023 Oct 24;242:105635. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105635. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTComprehenders are known to generate expectations about upcoming linguistic input at the sentence and discourse level. However, most previous studies on prediction focused mainly on word-induced brain activity rather than examining neural activity preceding a critical stimulus in discourse processing, where prediction actually takes place. In this EEG study, participants were presented with multiple sentences resembling a discourse including conditional sentences with either only if or if, which are characterized by differ...
Source: Cognition - October 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mathias Barthel Rosario Tomasello Mingya Liu Source Type: research
Conditionals in context: Brain signatures of prediction in discourse processing
Cognition. 2023 Oct 24;242:105635. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105635. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTComprehenders are known to generate expectations about upcoming linguistic input at the sentence and discourse level. However, most previous studies on prediction focused mainly on word-induced brain activity rather than examining neural activity preceding a critical stimulus in discourse processing, where prediction actually takes place. In this EEG study, participants were presented with multiple sentences resembling a discourse including conditional sentences with either only if or if, which are characterized by differ...
Source: Cognition - October 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mathias Barthel Rosario Tomasello Mingya Liu Source Type: research
Conditionals in context: Brain signatures of prediction in discourse processing
Cognition. 2023 Oct 24;242:105635. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105635. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTComprehenders are known to generate expectations about upcoming linguistic input at the sentence and discourse level. However, most previous studies on prediction focused mainly on word-induced brain activity rather than examining neural activity preceding a critical stimulus in discourse processing, where prediction actually takes place. In this EEG study, participants were presented with multiple sentences resembling a discourse including conditional sentences with either only if or if, which are characterized by differ...
Source: Cognition - October 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Mathias Barthel Rosario Tomasello Mingya Liu Source Type: research
Of words and whistles: Statistical learning operates similarly for identical sounds perceived as speech and non-speech
Cognition. 2023 Oct 21;242:105649. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105649. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStatistical learning is an ability that allows individuals to effortlessly extract patterns from the environment, such as sound patterns in speech. Some prior evidence suggests that statistical learning operates more robustly for speech compared to non-speech stimuli, supporting the idea that humans are predisposed to learn language. However, any apparent statistical learning advantage for speech could be driven by signal acoustics, rather than the subjective perception per se of sounds as speech. To resolve this issue, t...
Source: Cognition - October 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sierra J Sweet Stephen C Van Hedger Laura J Batterink Source Type: research
