Creating ad hoc graphical representations of number
Cognition. 2023 Nov 21;242:105665. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105665. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability to communicate about exact number is critical to many modern human practices spanning science, industry, and politics. Although some early numeral systems used 1-to-1 correspondence (e.g., 'IIII' to represent 4), most systems provide compact representations via more arbitrary conventions (e.g., '7' and 'VII'). When people are unable to rely on conventional numerals, however, what strategies do they initially use to communicate number? Across three experiments, participants used pictures to communicate about vi...
Source: Cognition - November 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Holt Judith E Fan David Barner Source Type: research
Creating ad hoc graphical representations of number
Cognition. 2023 Nov 21;242:105665. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105665. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability to communicate about exact number is critical to many modern human practices spanning science, industry, and politics. Although some early numeral systems used 1-to-1 correspondence (e.g., 'IIII' to represent 4), most systems provide compact representations via more arbitrary conventions (e.g., '7' and 'VII'). When people are unable to rely on conventional numerals, however, what strategies do they initially use to communicate number? Across three experiments, participants used pictures to communicate about vi...
Source: Cognition - November 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Holt Judith E Fan David Barner Source Type: research
Creating ad hoc graphical representations of number
Cognition. 2023 Nov 21;242:105665. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105665. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability to communicate about exact number is critical to many modern human practices spanning science, industry, and politics. Although some early numeral systems used 1-to-1 correspondence (e.g., 'IIII' to represent 4), most systems provide compact representations via more arbitrary conventions (e.g., '7' and 'VII'). When people are unable to rely on conventional numerals, however, what strategies do they initially use to communicate number? Across three experiments, participants used pictures to communicate about vi...
Source: Cognition - November 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Holt Judith E Fan David Barner Source Type: research
Metacontrast masking is ineffective in the first 6 months of life
Cognition. 2023 Nov 18;242:105666. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105666. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetacontrast masking is one of the most widely studied types of visual masking, in which a visual stimulus is rendered invisible by a subsequent mask that does not spatially overlap with the target. Metacontrast has been used for many decades as a tool to study visual processing and conscious perception in adults. However, there are so far no infant studies on metacontrast and it remains unknown even whether it occurs in infants. The present study examined metacontrast masking in 3- to 8-month-old infants (N = 168) using ...
Source: Cognition - November 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yusuke Nakashima So Kanazawa Masami K Yamaguchi Source Type: research
Metacontrast masking is ineffective in the first 6 months of life
Cognition. 2023 Nov 18;242:105666. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105666. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetacontrast masking is one of the most widely studied types of visual masking, in which a visual stimulus is rendered invisible by a subsequent mask that does not spatially overlap with the target. Metacontrast has been used for many decades as a tool to study visual processing and conscious perception in adults. However, there are so far no infant studies on metacontrast and it remains unknown even whether it occurs in infants. The present study examined metacontrast masking in 3- to 8-month-old infants (N = 168) using ...
Source: Cognition - November 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yusuke Nakashima So Kanazawa Masami K Yamaguchi Source Type: research
Acquisition of colour categories through learning: Differences between hue and lightness
In conclusion, labelling serves the purpose of highlighting key information that differentiates exemplars across the category boundary, and basic colour terms may be particularly effective in facilitating such attentional guidance.PMID:37980878 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105657 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - November 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jasna Martinovic Source Type: research
Acquisition of colour categories through learning: Differences between hue and lightness
In conclusion, labelling serves the purpose of highlighting key information that differentiates exemplars across the category boundary, and basic colour terms may be particularly effective in facilitating such attentional guidance.PMID:37980878 | DOI:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105657 (Source: Cognition)
Source: Cognition - November 19, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jasna Martinovic Source Type: research
Why fractions are difficult? Modeling optimal and sub-optimal integration strategies of numerators and denominators by educated adults
In this study, we argue that a major cause of this challenge is rooted in the need to integrate information from two separate informational sources (i.e., denominator and numerator) according to a normative arithmetic rule (i.e., division). We contend that in some tasks, the correct arithmetic rule is replaced by an inadequate (sub-optimal) operation (e.g., multiplication), which leads to inaccurate representation of fractions. We tested this conjecture by applying two rigorous models of information integration : (a) functional measurement (Experiments 1-3) and (b) conjoint measurement (Experiment 4-5) to data from number-...
Source: Cognition - November 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel Fitousi Ran Noyman Source Type: research
Why fractions are difficult? Modeling optimal and sub-optimal integration strategies of numerators and denominators by educated adults
In this study, we argue that a major cause of this challenge is rooted in the need to integrate information from two separate informational sources (i.e., denominator and numerator) according to a normative arithmetic rule (i.e., division). We contend that in some tasks, the correct arithmetic rule is replaced by an inadequate (sub-optimal) operation (e.g., multiplication), which leads to inaccurate representation of fractions. We tested this conjecture by applying two rigorous models of information integration : (a) functional measurement (Experiments 1-3) and (b) conjoint measurement (Experiment 4-5) to data from number-...
Source: Cognition - November 18, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Daniel Fitousi Ran Noyman Source Type: research
Path integration, rather than being suppressed, is used to update spatial views in familiar environments with constantly available landmarks
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105662. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105662. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis project tested three hypotheses conceptualizing the interaction between path integration based on self-motion and piloting based on landmarks in a familiar environment with persistent landmarks. The first hypothesis posits that path integration functions automatically, as in environments lacking persistent landmarks (environment-independent hypothesis). The second hypothesis suggests that persistent landmarks suppress path integration (suppression hypothesis). The third hypothesis proposes that path integration updat...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yue Chen Weimin Mou Source Type: research
A novel task and methods to evaluate inter-individual variation in audio-visual associative learning
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105658. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105658. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning audio-visual associations is foundational to a number of real-world skills, such as reading acquisition or social communication. Characterizing individual differences in such learning has therefore been of interest to researchers in the field. Here, we present a novel audio-visual associative learning task designed to efficiently capture inter-individual differences in learning, with the added feature of using non-linguistic stimuli, so as to unconfound language and reading proficiency of the learner from their m...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Angela Pasqualotto Aaron Cochrane Daphne Bavelier Irene Altarelli Source Type: research
Path integration, rather than being suppressed, is used to update spatial views in familiar environments with constantly available landmarks
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105662. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105662. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis project tested three hypotheses conceptualizing the interaction between path integration based on self-motion and piloting based on landmarks in a familiar environment with persistent landmarks. The first hypothesis posits that path integration functions automatically, as in environments lacking persistent landmarks (environment-independent hypothesis). The second hypothesis suggests that persistent landmarks suppress path integration (suppression hypothesis). The third hypothesis proposes that path integration updat...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yue Chen Weimin Mou Source Type: research
A novel task and methods to evaluate inter-individual variation in audio-visual associative learning
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105658. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105658. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning audio-visual associations is foundational to a number of real-world skills, such as reading acquisition or social communication. Characterizing individual differences in such learning has therefore been of interest to researchers in the field. Here, we present a novel audio-visual associative learning task designed to efficiently capture inter-individual differences in learning, with the added feature of using non-linguistic stimuli, so as to unconfound language and reading proficiency of the learner from their m...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Angela Pasqualotto Aaron Cochrane Daphne Bavelier Irene Altarelli Source Type: research
Path integration, rather than being suppressed, is used to update spatial views in familiar environments with constantly available landmarks
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105662. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105662. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis project tested three hypotheses conceptualizing the interaction between path integration based on self-motion and piloting based on landmarks in a familiar environment with persistent landmarks. The first hypothesis posits that path integration functions automatically, as in environments lacking persistent landmarks (environment-independent hypothesis). The second hypothesis suggests that persistent landmarks suppress path integration (suppression hypothesis). The third hypothesis proposes that path integration updat...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Yue Chen Weimin Mou Source Type: research
A novel task and methods to evaluate inter-individual variation in audio-visual associative learning
Cognition. 2023 Nov 10;242:105658. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105658. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLearning audio-visual associations is foundational to a number of real-world skills, such as reading acquisition or social communication. Characterizing individual differences in such learning has therefore been of interest to researchers in the field. Here, we present a novel audio-visual associative learning task designed to efficiently capture inter-individual differences in learning, with the added feature of using non-linguistic stimuli, so as to unconfound language and reading proficiency of the learner from their m...
Source: Cognition - November 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Angela Pasqualotto Aaron Cochrane Daphne Bavelier Irene Altarelli Source Type: research
