Autonomous behaviour and the limits of human volition
Cognition. 2023 Dec 14;244:105684. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105684. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHumans and some other animals can autonomously generate action choices that contribute to solving complex problems. However, experimental investigations of the cognitive bases of human autonomy are challenging, because experimental paradigms typically constrain behaviour using controlled contexts, and elicit behaviour by external triggers. In contrast, autonomy and freedom imply unconstrained behaviour initiated by endogenous triggers. Here we propose a new theoretical construct of adaptive autonomy, meaning the capacity ...
Source: Cognition - December 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Keiji Ota Lucie Charles Patrick Haggard Source Type: research
Breathing shifts visuo-spatial attention
Cognition. 2023 Dec 12;243:105685. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105685. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsidering recent findings that breathing influences cognitive processes, two experiments explored the relationship between breathing and visuo-spatial attention. In Experiment 1, a lateralized probe detection task was inserted into the breathing cycles of 21 healthy adults to probe effects of breathing on the distribution of spatial attention. In Experiment 2 (N = 26), the Posner cueing task measured breathing-contingent detection speed for lateralized probes after endogenous or exogenous cueing. We consistently found f...
Source: Cognition - December 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Francesco Belli Martin H Fischer Source Type: research
Breathing shifts visuo-spatial attention
Cognition. 2023 Dec 12;243:105685. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105685. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsidering recent findings that breathing influences cognitive processes, two experiments explored the relationship between breathing and visuo-spatial attention. In Experiment 1, a lateralized probe detection task was inserted into the breathing cycles of 21 healthy adults to probe effects of breathing on the distribution of spatial attention. In Experiment 2 (N = 26), the Posner cueing task measured breathing-contingent detection speed for lateralized probes after endogenous or exogenous cueing. We consistently found f...
Source: Cognition - December 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Francesco Belli Martin H Fischer Source Type: research
Breathing shifts visuo-spatial attention
Cognition. 2023 Dec 12;243:105685. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105685. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsidering recent findings that breathing influences cognitive processes, two experiments explored the relationship between breathing and visuo-spatial attention. In Experiment 1, a lateralized probe detection task was inserted into the breathing cycles of 21 healthy adults to probe effects of breathing on the distribution of spatial attention. In Experiment 2 (N = 26), the Posner cueing task measured breathing-contingent detection speed for lateralized probes after endogenous or exogenous cueing. We consistently found f...
Source: Cognition - December 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Francesco Belli Martin H Fischer Source Type: research
Musical anhedonia, timbre, and the rewards of music listening
We presented specific musical anhedonics and matched controls with isolated short pleasing and displeasing synthesized sounds of varying timbres with no clear real-world referents. While the two groups found displeasing sounds equally displeasing, the musical anhedonics gave substantially lower pleasure ratings to the pleasing sounds, indicating that their sonic anhedonia is not limited to musical rhythms and melodies. Furthermore, across a large sample of participants, mean pleasure ratings for pleasing synthesized sounds predicted significant and similar variance in six dimensions of musical reward considered to be relat...
Source: Cognition - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholas Kathios Aniruddh D Patel Psyche Loui Source Type: research
Musical anhedonia, timbre, and the rewards of music listening
We presented specific musical anhedonics and matched controls with isolated short pleasing and displeasing synthesized sounds of varying timbres with no clear real-world referents. While the two groups found displeasing sounds equally displeasing, the musical anhedonics gave substantially lower pleasure ratings to the pleasing sounds, indicating that their sonic anhedonia is not limited to musical rhythms and melodies. Furthermore, across a large sample of participants, mean pleasure ratings for pleasing synthesized sounds predicted significant and similar variance in six dimensions of musical reward considered to be relat...
Source: Cognition - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholas Kathios Aniruddh D Patel Psyche Loui Source Type: research
Tempering the tension between science and intuition
Cognition. 2023 Dec 8;243:105680. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105680. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTScientific ideas can be difficult to access if they contradict earlier-developed intuitive theories; counterintuitive scientific statements like "bubbles have weight" are verified more slowly and less accurately than closely-matched intuitive statements like "bricks have weight" (Shtulman & Valcarcel, 2012). Here, we investigate how context and instruction influences this conflict. In Study 1, college undergraduates (n = 100) verified scientific statements interspersed with images intended to prime either a scientific ...
Source: Cognition - December 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew Shtulman Andrew G Young Source Type: research
Tempering the tension between science and intuition
Cognition. 2023 Dec 8;243:105680. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105680. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTScientific ideas can be difficult to access if they contradict earlier-developed intuitive theories; counterintuitive scientific statements like "bubbles have weight" are verified more slowly and less accurately than closely-matched intuitive statements like "bricks have weight" (Shtulman & Valcarcel, 2012). Here, we investigate how context and instruction influences this conflict. In Study 1, college undergraduates (n = 100) verified scientific statements interspersed with images intended to prime either a scientific ...
Source: Cognition - December 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew Shtulman Andrew G Young Source Type: research
Tempering the tension between science and intuition
Cognition. 2023 Dec 8;243:105680. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105680. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTScientific ideas can be difficult to access if they contradict earlier-developed intuitive theories; counterintuitive scientific statements like "bubbles have weight" are verified more slowly and less accurately than closely-matched intuitive statements like "bricks have weight" (Shtulman & Valcarcel, 2012). Here, we investigate how context and instruction influences this conflict. In Study 1, college undergraduates (n = 100) verified scientific statements interspersed with images intended to prime either a scientific ...
Source: Cognition - December 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Andrew Shtulman Andrew G Young Source Type: research
Debiasing thinking among non-WEIRD reasoners
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105681. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105681. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman reasoning has been shown to be biased in a variety of situations. While most studies have focused on samples of WEIRD participants (from Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic societies), the sparse non-WEIRD data on the topic suggest an even stronger propensity for biased reasoning. This could be explained by a competence issue (people lack the ability to integrate logical knowledge into their reasoning) or a performance issue (people possess the logical knowledge but do not know it is relevant). We add...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Esther Boissin Mathilde Josserand Wim De Neys Serge Caparos Source Type: research
Ensemble coding of facial identity is robust, but may not contribute to face learning
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105668. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105668. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnsemble coding - the rapid extraction of a perceptual average - has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying face learning. We tested this proposal across five pre-registered experiments in which four ambient images of an identity were presented in the study phase. In Experiments 1 and 2a-c, participants were asked whether a test image was in the study array; these experiments examined the robustness of ensemble coding. Experiment 1 replicated ensemble coding in an online sample; participants recognize images fro...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Emily E Davis Claire M Matthews Catherine J Mondloch Source Type: research
Debiasing thinking among non-WEIRD reasoners
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105681. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105681. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman reasoning has been shown to be biased in a variety of situations. While most studies have focused on samples of WEIRD participants (from Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic societies), the sparse non-WEIRD data on the topic suggest an even stronger propensity for biased reasoning. This could be explained by a competence issue (people lack the ability to integrate logical knowledge into their reasoning) or a performance issue (people possess the logical knowledge but do not know it is relevant). We add...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Esther Boissin Mathilde Josserand Wim De Neys Serge Caparos Source Type: research
Ensemble coding of facial identity is robust, but may not contribute to face learning
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105668. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105668. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnsemble coding - the rapid extraction of a perceptual average - has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying face learning. We tested this proposal across five pre-registered experiments in which four ambient images of an identity were presented in the study phase. In Experiments 1 and 2a-c, participants were asked whether a test image was in the study array; these experiments examined the robustness of ensemble coding. Experiment 1 replicated ensemble coding in an online sample; participants recognize images fro...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Emily E Davis Claire M Matthews Catherine J Mondloch Source Type: research
Debiasing thinking among non-WEIRD reasoners
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105681. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105681. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHuman reasoning has been shown to be biased in a variety of situations. While most studies have focused on samples of WEIRD participants (from Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic societies), the sparse non-WEIRD data on the topic suggest an even stronger propensity for biased reasoning. This could be explained by a competence issue (people lack the ability to integrate logical knowledge into their reasoning) or a performance issue (people possess the logical knowledge but do not know it is relevant). We add...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Esther Boissin Mathilde Josserand Wim De Neys Serge Caparos Source Type: research
Ensemble coding of facial identity is robust, but may not contribute to face learning
Cognition. 2023 Dec 2;243:105668. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105668. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnsemble coding - the rapid extraction of a perceptual average - has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying face learning. We tested this proposal across five pre-registered experiments in which four ambient images of an identity were presented in the study phase. In Experiments 1 and 2a-c, participants were asked whether a test image was in the study array; these experiments examined the robustness of ensemble coding. Experiment 1 replicated ensemble coding in an online sample; participants recognize images fro...
Source: Cognition - December 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Emily E Davis Claire M Matthews Catherine J Mondloch Source Type: research
