Erythropoietin Improves Poor Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Intraventricular Hemorrhage
ConclusionsTreatment with repeated low-dose rhEPO improved outcomes in preterm infants with IVH.Trial RegistrationThe study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 16 April 2019 (NCT03914690). (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - May 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Real-World Evidence of the Clinical and Economic Impact of Long-Acting Injectable Versus Oral Antipsychotics Among Patients with Schizophrenia in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ConclusionsBased on multiple studies with varying sub-types of patient populations with schizophrenia in the United States published in the last decade, this meta-analysis demonstrated that LAI antipsychotics were associated with improved medication adherence and significant clinical benefit such as reduced hospitalizations and ER admissions compared with OA. The lower medical costs offset the higher pharmacy costs, resulting in a non-significant difference in total healthcare costs. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence on the clinical and economic benefits of LAI compared with OA for the treatment of sch...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Novel Glutamatergic Modulators for the Treatment of Mood Disorders: Current Status
AbstractThe efficacy of standard antidepressants is limited for many patients with mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression, underscoring the urgent need to develop novel therapeutics. Both clinical and preclinical studies have implicated glutamatergic system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. In particular, rapid reductions in depressive symptoms have been observed in response to subanesthetic doses of the glutamatergic modulator racemic (R,S)-ketamine in individuals with mood disorders. These results have prompted investigation into other glutamatergic modulators fo...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Is Adjunct Aripiprazole Effective in Treating Hyperprolactinemia Induced by Psychotropic Medication? A Narrative Review
AbstractPsychotropic medication treatment can cause elevated serum prolactin levels and hyperprolactinaemia (HPRL). Reports have suggested that aripiprazole may decrease elevated prolactin. The aim of this review was to assess evidence for the efficacy of adjunct aripiprazole in the treatment of psychotropic-induced HPRL. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of adjunct aripiprazole in patients with HPRL attributed to primary psychotropic medications. Data for individual patients from case studies, chart reviews and open-label studies were also identified and assess...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinically Significant Drug Interactions Between Psychotropic Agents and Repurposed COVID-19 Therapies
AbstractAs many patients with underlying psychiatric disorders may be infected with COVID-19, and COVID-19-affected subjects may frequently experience a new onset of psychiatric manifestations, concomitant use of psychotropic medications and COVID-19 therapies is expected to be highly likely and raises concerns of clinically relevant drug interactions. In this setting, four major mechanisms responsible for drug interactions involving psychotropic agents and COVID-19 therapies may be identified: (1) pharmacokinetic drug –drug interactions mainly acting on cytochrome P450; (2) pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions resul...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predictors of Quality of Life Improvement with Escitalopram and Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND Study Report
ConclusionThe final model explained the most variance in psychological (68%) and physical (67%) QoL. Less variance was explained for environmental (43%) and social QoL (33%), highlighting a need for further exploration of predictors in these domains. Strategies such as functional remediation may have potential to support QoL for individuals with persistent depressive symptoms.Clinical Trials RegistryClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT016557. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - April 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disruption of Pharmacotherapy During the Transition from Adolescence to Early Adulthood in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Claims Database Analysis Across the USA
ConclusionsPatients rarely reinitiated treatment after pharmacotherapy was disrupted or discontinued, emphasizing the need for increased focus on the management of ADHD as patients transition from adolescence to adulthood. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - April 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predicting Infection Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Ocrelizumab: A Retrospective Cohort Study
ConclusionsHigher serum IgA and IgG and older age were associated with reduced odds of infection. Our findings highlight that infection risk is not uniform in patients with MS receiving ocrelizumab and substantiate the need to monitor immunoglobulin levels pre-treatment and whilst on therapy. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ozanimod and Dimethyl Fumarate for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Using Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison
ConclusionsAfter adjustment of baseline patient characteristics, the MAIC demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of ozanimod 1.0 mg OD was superior to that of DMF 240 mg BID. Although a MAIC is less likely to produce biased estimates than a na ïve or a standard indirect treatment comparison via a common comparator, limitations include potential confounding due to unobserved and thus unaccounted for baseline differences. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pharmacotherapy for Frontotemporal Dementia
AbstractFrontotemporal dementia is a heterogeneous spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. The neuropathological inclusions are tau proteins, TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa-TDP-43, or fused in sarcoma-ubiquitinated inclusions. Genetically, several autosomal mutations account for the heritability of the disorder. Phenotypically, frontotemporal dementia can present with a behavioral variant or a language variant called primary progressive aphasia. To date, there are no approved symptomatic or disease-modifying treatments for frontotemporal dementia. Currently used therapies are supported by low-level of evidence (mostly unc...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Impact of Antipsychotic Formulations on Time to Medication Discontinuation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Dutch Registry-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
ConclusionsTime to discontinuation differed considerably between formulations. The duration of recent antipsychotic use was a strong predictor of time to discontinuation. While oral-daily formulations had the longest time to discontinuation in the long-term recent antipsychotic use group, discontinuation trends were similar for oral-weekly and depot formulations. An oral-weekly formulation, whose administration route is noninvasive, might therefore be considered an alternative to depot formulations. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - April 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators for Multiple Sclerosis
AbstractFingolimod (Gilenya) received regulatory approval from the US FDA in 2010 as the first-in-class sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulator and was the first oral disease-modifying therapy (DMT) used for the treatment of the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Development of this new class of therapeutic compounds has continued to be a pharmacological goal of high interest in clinical trials for treatment of various autoimmune disorders, including MS. S1P is a physiologic signaling molecule that acts as a ligand for a group of cell surface receptors. S1PRs are expressed on various body tissues a...
Source: CNS Drugs - April 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Monomethyl Fumarate Following a Single Oral Dose of Bafiertam ™ (Monomethyl Fumarate) or Tecfidera ® (Dimethyl Fumarate)
ConclusionsBased on the statistical analysis results of the pharmacokinetic parameters of MMF, a single oral dose of two Bafiertam ™ DR 95 mg capsules is bioequivalent to a single oral dose of one Tecfidera® DR 240 mg capsule.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04570670) on 30 September, 2020. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - March 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic Study
ConclusionsClinicians should be aware that LAI discontinuation is a frequent occurrence. LAI choice should be carefully discussed with the patient, taking into account individual characteristics and possible obstacles related to the practicalities of each formulation. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - March 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pharmacotherapy for Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Current Status and Future Directions
AbstractIn this review, we consider issues relating to the pharmacological treatment of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD in preschool-age children has a profound impact on psychosocial function and developmental trajectory. Clinical studies on pharmacotherapies for ADHD in young children have expanded rapidly in the past 2 decades, providing some evidence of efficacy for both psychostimulant and non-psychostimulant medications. However, preschool children may be more susceptible to adverse effects of medications, including growth reduction and cardiovascular side effects. Many quest...
Source: CNS Drugs - March 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
