Vitamin D Supplementation and Cognition in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
ConclusionThis systematic review of RCTs does not support a role for vitamin D supplementation in enhancing cognition in adults. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - November 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cannabis-Based Medicines and Medical Cannabis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
AbstractNeuropathic pain represents a broad category of pain syndromes that include a wide variety of peripheral and central disorders. The overall prevalence of neuropathic pain in the general population is reported to be between 7 and 10%. Management of neuropathic pain presents an unmet clinical need, with less than 50% of patients achieving substantial pain relief with medications currently recommended such as pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine and various tricyclic antidepressants. It has been suggested that cannabis-based medicines (CbMs) and medical cannabis (MC) may be a treatment option for those with chronic neur...
Source: CNS Drugs - November 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Acknowledgement to Referees
(Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - November 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Molecular Mechanisms of Psilocybin and Implications for the Treatment of Depression
AbstractTherapeutic deficiencies with monoaminergic antidepressants invites the need to identify and develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants. Hitherto, ketamine and esketamine are identified as safe, well-tolerated rapid-acting antidepressants in adults with treatment-resistant depression, and also mitigate measures of suicidality. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid and non-selective agonist at many serotonin receptors, especially at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, and is found in thePsilocybe genus of mushrooms. Preliminary studies with psilocybin have shown therapeutic promise across diverse populat...
Source: CNS Drugs - November 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Adjunctive Brivaracetam in Focal Epilepsy: Real ‑World Evidence from the BRIVAracetam add‑on First Italian netwoRk Study (BRIVAFIRST)
(Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - November 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Impact of Lithium on Brain Function in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
AbstractLithium remains a gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have contributed to clarifying its impact on neural circuitries in affected individuals. However, the specific neurobiological mechanisms through which lithium exerts its effects on brain function are not fully understood. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results of recent fMRI studies evaluating the impact of lithium on brain functional activity and connectivity in patients diagnosed with BD. We performed a literature search of available sources found in the PubMed database reporte...
Source: CNS Drugs - November 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Potential of Ligands for Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) in the Management of Substance Use Disorders
AbstractTrace amines, including β-phenylethylamine (β-PEA),p-tyramine (TYR), tryptamine (TRP), andp-octopamine (OCT), represent a group of amines expressed at low levels in the mammalian brain. Given the close structural similarities to traditional monoamines, links between trace amines and the monoaminergic system have long been suspected. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), the most well characterized receptor in the TAAR family, has been shown to be potently activated by trace amines such as TYR and PEA. Further, catecholamine metabolites and amphetamine analogs are also potent agonists of TAAR1, implicating th...
Source: CNS Drugs - November 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comment on “Pharmacological Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
(Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - November 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Authors ’ Reply to Pereira Ribeiro et al.: Comment on “Pharmacological Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis”
(Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - November 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effect of Cannabidiol on Interictal Epileptiform Activity and Sleep Architecture in Children with Intractable Epilepsy: A Prospective Open-Label Study
ConclusionOur results strongly suggest the utility of cannabidiol in reducing IEDs and improving sleep microstructure in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Larger controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of this effect in different epilepsy types.Trial RegistrationDRKS00013177; 25 June 2019. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - October 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Tranexamic Acid for Adult Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
ConclusionsIn adults with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, tranexamic acid reduced the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage growth compared with the control. The effects on 90-day mortality remained inconclusive. Further studies should report death within 24 h and death due to bleeding whenever possible. (Source: CNS Drugs)
Source: CNS Drugs - October 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Secondary Immunodeficiency and Risk of Infection Following Immune Therapies in Neurology
AbstractSecondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) are acquired conditions that may occur as sequelae of immune therapy. In recent years a number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) has been approved for multiple sclerosis and related disorders such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, some of which are frequently also used in- or off-label to treat conditions such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), myasthenia gravis, myositis, and encephalitis. In this review, we focus on currently available immune therapeutics in neurology to explore their specific modes of action that might contribute to SID,...
Source: CNS Drugs - October 16, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 as a Target for the Development of New Antipsychotics: Current Status of Research and Future Directions
AbstractSchizophrenia is a mental illness associated with an array of symptoms that often result in disability. The primary treatments for schizophrenia are termed antipsychotics. Although antipsychotics modulate a number of different receptor types and subtypes, all currently regulatory agency-approved antipsychotics share in common direct or functional antagonism at the dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R). The majority of people with schizophrenia do not achieve full resolution of their symptoms with antipsychotics, suggesting the need for alternative or complementary approaches. The primary focus of this review is to assess ...
Source: CNS Drugs - October 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Amantadine Revisited: A Contender for Initial Treatment in Parkinson ’s Disease?
AbstractThe best practice for the initiation of symptomatic motor treatment for Parkinson ’s disease is an ongoing topic of debate. Fueled by interpretation of the results of the LEAP and MED Parkinson’s disease studies, many practitioners opt for early initiation of levodopa formulations, avoiding dopamine agonists to circumvent potential deleterious side effects, namely impulse control disorder. Compared with levodopa, monoamine oxidase inhibitors may lack necessary potency. Ignored in this academic debate is another therapeutic option for patients with Parkinson’s disease requiring treatment initiation: a...
Source: CNS Drugs - October 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Controversies Surrounding the Use of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia
AbstractSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness that requires continuous and effective long-term management to reduce symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent relapse. Oral antipsychotic medications have proven efficacy for many patients taking these medications; however, a considerable number of patients continue to experience ongoing symptoms and relapse, often due to lack of adherence. The advent of long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of antipsychotic medications provided an opportunity to improve treatment adherence and overall patient outcomes. Despite data to support LAI efficacy, safety, and improved a...
Source: CNS Drugs - October 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
