Epicanthoplasty: Social and Historic Perspectives
The epicanthus is a fold of skin covering the inner corner of the eye, blending into the nasal skin. It is a cosmetic feature of many populations of the world. The surgical alteration of this structure was first developed for the epicanthus found in such congenital genetic conditions as Down syndrome in the West. In the last century and a half, in what may be a reaction to the Western portrayal of skin overlaying the eye and of Shakespeare's descriptions of characters with epicanthic folds, surgical techniques have arisen for pure cosmetic intent to alter the Asian eyelid. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 26, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jonathan Xu, Jane M. Grant-Kels, Lawrence Charles Parish, Andrzej Grzybowski Source Type: research
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
(HZO) occurs when latent varicella zoster virus reactivates in the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve (CNV1). HZO commonly affects elderly and immunocompromised patients. This disease is considered an ophthalmic emergency due to a wide range of associated ocular symptoms, including severe chronic pain and vision loss. HZO is typically a clinical diagnosis due to its classic presentation of a unilateral vesicular rash in the dermatomes corresponding to CNV1. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 26, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Jasmina Kovacevic, Arthur Mark Samia, Ankit Shah, Kiran Motaparthi Source Type: research
Lymphoma Involvement of the Eyelid and Eye
Lymphomas of the eye and ocular adnexa are rare lymphoproliferative diseases of the ocular and ocular adnexal tissue. The incidence of these diseases has been rapidly increasing over the past few decades. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown, but it is postulated to be multifactorial and includes genetic aberrations, epigenetic and environmental factors, infectious agents, and chronic antigenic stimulation. The majority of ocular and ocular adnexal lymphomas are of B-cell origin; except for eyelid lymphomas, which are more often of T cell type. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 26, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Ndidi Enwereji, Madina Falcone, Katalin Ferenczi Source Type: research
Adnexal Neoplasms of the Eye
Adnexal neoplasms of the eyelid encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors of sebaceous, follicular and sweat gland origin. Due to the specialized structures of the eyelid, these neoplasms present differently when compared with other locations. While most dermatologists and ophthalmologists are familiar with the commonly reported adnexal tumors of the eyelid, such as hidrocystoma, pilomatrixoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, many other adnexal neoplasms have been reported at this unique anatomic site. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 26, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Roman Drozdowski, Jane M. Grant-Kels, Madina Falcone, Campbell L. Stewart Source Type: research
Persian Contributions to Dermatology
Recently, Clinics in Dermatology has published papers recounting the dermatologic contributions of Jewish and Israeli dermatologists. In the same spirit, we would like to recount the importance of the Persian civilization in shaping our understanding and treatment of skin diseases. Persia's history in the field of dermatology dates back ∼ 3000 years. Zoroastrianism, one of the oldest monotheistic religions originating in Persia around 1500-1000 BCE, has in their religious book, the Avesta, descriptions of clinical features of diseases such as leprosy, scabies, and vitiligo. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 23, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Mohamad Goldust, Jane M. Grant-Kels Source Type: research
Edouard Manet's Portrait of Jeanne Duval: Did Manet Portray the Disease from Which he Died?
In 1862, the French artist Edouard Manet painted a portrait of Jeanne Duval, then age 42, who was suffering from a paralyzed leg. Manet depicts her stiffly reclined on a sofa with her foot seemingly disjointed from her body. Duval later became blind. Around 1875, Manet himself began to develop leg pains and an unsteady gait which progressed in severity until he died from complications of his disorder, during 1883, at age 51. This contribution reviews the clinical information available concerning the neurological disorders of both the subject and artist, the differential diagnosis for each case, with a focus on whether neur...
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 12, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Leonard J. Hoenig Tags: Reflections on Dermatology: Past, Present, and Future Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence and the scientific method: how to cope with a complete oxymoron
Artificial intelligence can be a powerful tool for data analysis, but it can also mislead investigators due in part to a fundamental difference between classic data analysis and data analysis using AI. A more or less limited data set is analyzed in classic data analysis, and a hypothesis is generated. That hypothesis is then tested using a separate data set, and the data are examined again. The premise was either accepted or rejected with a value "p," indicating that any difference observed was due merely to chance. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 9, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: W. Clark Lambert, Muriel W Lambert, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Micha ł Woźniak, Andrzej Grzybowski Source Type: research
How to cope with potential malpheasance using ai: call to action
Just as fire and electricity can be, and in many ways are, of great benefit to humanity and, as the papers elsewhere in this issue of Clinics in Dermatology have shown, artificial intelligence can be used for the ill and help in medicine. We offer several suggestions to counter some of the more egregious and obvious ones: AI-generated material that purports to be caused by humans and AI-generated material that purports to show actual people doing things that these people would not normally do. Both suggestions rely on methods already in existence to ensure public safety. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 8, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: W. Clark Lambert, Andrzej Grzybowski Source Type: research
Novel B-DNA Dermatophyte Assay for Demonstration of Canonical DNA in Dermatophytes: Histopathologic Characterization by Artificial Intelligence
We describe a novel assay and artificial intelligence (AI) driven histopathologic approach identifying dermatophytes in human skin tissue sections (i.e., B-DNA dermatophyte assay) and demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of dermatophytes in tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect canonical right-handed double-stranded (ds-) B-DNA. IHC was performed using anti-ds-B-DNA monoclonal antibodies with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to determine the presence of dermatophytes. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 5, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Claude E. Gagna, Anthony N. Yodice, JulianaD'Amico, Lina Elkoulily, Shaheryar M. Gill, Francis G. DeOcampo, Maryam Rabbani, Jai Kaur, Aangi Shah, Zainab Ahmad, Muriel W. Lambert Lambert, W. Clark Lambert Source Type: research
A History of Artificial Intelligence
The development of the computer and what is now known as artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved over more than two centuries in a long series of steps. The date of the invention of the first computer is estimated at 1822, when Charles Babbage (1791-1871) developed his first design of a working computer on paper, based mainly on a Jacquard loom. He worked on his project together with Augusta Ada King, Countess Lovelace (n ée Byron) (Ada Lovelace) (1815-1852), whom he called the "Sorceress of Numbers." This work will present the profile and achievements of Charles Babbage, Augusta Ada King, Countess Lovelace, and Alan Mat...
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 5, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Andrzej Grzybowski, Katarzyna Pawlikowska – Łagód, W. Clark Lambert Source Type: research
Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Dermatology
Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and dermatology brings additional challenges related to bias, transparency, ethics, security, and inequality. Bias in AI algorithms can arise from biased training data or decision-making processes, leading to disparities in healthcare outcomes. Addressing bias requires carefully examining the data used to train AI models and implementing strategies to mitigate bias during algorithm development. Transparency is another critical challenge, as AI systems often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to understand how decisions are reached. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 4, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Andrzej Grzybowski, Kai Jin, Hongkang Wu Source Type: research
Application of artificial intelligence in oculoplastics: a review
Oculoplastics is a sub-specialty of ophthalmology/dermatology concerned with eyelid, orbital and lacrimal diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI), with its powerful ability to analyze large data sets, has dramatically benefited oculoplastics. The cutting-edge AI technology is widely applied to extract ocular parameters and to use these results for further assessment, such as screening and diagnosis of blepharoptosis and predicting the progression of thyroid eye disease. AI also assists in treatment procedures, such as surgical strategy planning in blepharoptosis. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 4, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Yilu Cai, Xuan Zhang, Jing Cao, Andrzej Grzybowski, Juan Ye, Lixia Lou Source Type: research
Examining Diversity in Dermatology Residency Applicants
As the 2023-2024 match cycle begins, we wish to examine the diversity and representation in dermatology. Dermatology is the second-least diverse specialty, with only 4.2% and 3% of practicing dermatologists being of Hispanic and African-American origin, respectively.1 Physicians who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) are more likely to care for underserved racial populations.2 The lack of racially diverse physicians in dermatology may be a contributing factor for the myriad of dermatologic-related health disparities patients of color face including later diagnoses, lower quality of life, and worse outcomes across dise...
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 4, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Kripa Ahuja, Shilpi Khetarpal Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research
Dermatology and Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been grouped with invention of the wheel, conquest of fire, the industrial revolution, and even splitting of the atom as seminal events in the history of man. With certain reservations, we agree. Like the other such developments, however, AI may be used for good or for ill. In this issue of Clinics in Dermatology (CID) we have written/edited/contributed and have carefully selected others with relevant expertise and interest to generate a series of papers on AI both as a general topic and as AI relates specifically to dermatology. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 3, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: W.Clark Lambert, Andrzej Grzybowski Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in cosmetic dermatology - An update on current trends
The use of artificial intelligence will soon be commonplace within the field of cosmetic dermatology. Current uses for artificial intelligence in the discipline have focused on empowering patients to be more involved in treatment decisions with customizable skin care, augmented reality applications, and at-home skin analysis tools. AI-driven skin analysis tools are also included in many dermatology practices, with the development of 3D facial reconstruction, including models for predicting clinical outcomes. (Source: Clinics in Dermatology)
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - January 3, 2024 Category: Dermatology Authors: Alexandra Elder, Megan O'Donnell Cappelli, Christina Ring, Nazanin Saedi Source Type: research
