Herniated Gyrus Rectus Causing Idiopathic Compression of the Optic Chiasm
We report a rare case of a herniated gyrus rectus impinged on the optic chiasm and nerve without a clear pathological cause for the herniation. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 2, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jacob Smith, Megan M. Jack, Jeremy C. Peterson, Roukoz B. Chamoun Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Role of comorbidities and in-hospital complications in short-term status epilepticus outcome
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common and severe neurologic condition with mortality rates exceeding 30% in elderly patients [1]. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are fundamental, but other issues have to be considered in order to guarantee patients the best chances of survival. Prognosis can be only partially ascribed to SE: other determinants, such as patient and hospitalization related variables, should be taken into account. Indeed, comorbidities and nosocomial infections have been found to play an unfavorable role in SE outcome [2 –6]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 30, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Marco Belluzzo, Giovanni Furlanis, Lara Stragapede, Fabrizio Monti Source Type: research

Analysis of the results of recurrent intracranial meningiomas treated with re-radiosurgery
Meningioma is the most common intracranial neoplasm, comprising approximately 30% of all primary intracranial tumors [1]. Treatment options include observation, microsurgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a very effective treatment for intracranial meningiomas; previous studies showed the tumor control rate at 5 –10 years of follow-up as 84.3%–100% in all cases [2–9]. Many studies have discussed issues like optimal dose, conformal configurations, and adverse effects to improve the treatment result with GKRS [4,10–12]. (Source...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Moinay Kim, Do Hee Lee, Hyun Jung Kim RN, Young Hyun Cho, Jeong Hoon Kim, Do Hoon Kwon Source Type: research

Developing easy to perform routine MRI measurements as potential surrogates for cognitive impairment in MS
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of neurologic disability in young adults, diagnosed most frequently between the ages of 20 and 40 years [1]. Cognitive impairment (CI) has been recognized as an important feature of MS, affecting up to 65% of persons with MS (PwMS) [2,3]. CI, like physical disability in MS, can present differently in each person with MS, involving multiple cognitive domains, and these impairments are often undetected during routine clinical visits [4]. CI is often subtle in presentation, especially when mild, and difficult to assess in clinical settings and thus is often missed [5]. (Source: Clinic...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Sarah A. Morrow, Suresh Menon, Heather Rosehart, Manas Sharma Source Type: research

Does preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment reduce the postoperative surgical stress response in lumbar disc surgery?
Surgical trauma produces metabolic, hormonal and hemodynamic responses in the body. This surgical stress response is characterized by insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and protein breakdown, which result in hyperglycemia and negative nitrogen balance [1]. The magnitude of these changes is proportional to the duration of pre and postoperative fasting period, type of anesthesia, magnitude of surgery, amount of preoperative blood loss, severity of postoperative pain and duration of postoperative immobilization [2 –4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 29, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ozlem Korkmaz Dilmen, Ercument Yentur, Yusuf Tunali, Huriye Balci, Mois Bahar Source Type: research

One-stage Posterior Surgical Management of Lumbosacral Spinal Tuberculosis with Nonstructural Autograft
Spinal tuberculosis is the most common form of the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It accounts for nearly half of the musculoskeletal tuberculosis cases [1]. However, tuberculosis locating at the lumbosacral junction is rare. Only 2-3% of all spinal tuberculosis occurred in this region [2,3]. Although antituberculous chemotherapy remains the dominant treatment for spinal tuberculosis, surgical management is an important strategy for it when patients present with kyphosis, progressive neurological deficit, massive cold abscesses and don ’t have positive responses to chemotherapy [4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 27, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jia-Ming Liu, Yang Zhou, Ai-Fen Peng, Xuan-Yin Chen, Wen-Zhao Chen, Xin-Hua Long, Shan-Hu Huang, Zhi-Li Liu Source Type: research

Impairment of dynamic thiol –disulphide homeostasis in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and its relationship with clinical stage of disease
Parkinson ’s disease (PD), which is clinically characterised by rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia and postural instability, is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease [1]. It is pathologically characterised by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substant ia nigra (SN) [2]. Although the reasons of dopaminergic neurodegeneration remain unknown it is believed that multifactorial causes, such as genetic and environmental triggers, play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 21, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Gonul Vural, Sadiye Gumusyayla, Hesna Bektas, Orhan Deniz, Murat Al ışık, Ozcan Erel Source Type: research

Utility of a questionnaire tool (QUARAS) for localizing and lateralizing seizures in the Epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU)
An accurate description of seizure semiology plays a pivotal role in the presurgical evaluation of drug refractory epilepsy(DRE) [1 –3]. Several studies so far on ictal semiology and surgical outcomes of temporal as well extratemporal resections validate this [4–8]. The localising and lateralising value of auras improves the recognition of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) – the information obtained from clinical description of seizures is as good as that derived from investigations like Video Electroencephalography (VEEG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Comp...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 21, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rima M. Chaudhari, Bhargavi Ramanujam, Renjith Appukuttan, Anubha Sharma, Yuvraj Kunwar, Gaurav Tejaniya, Madakasira Vasantha Padma, Deepa Dash, Sarat P Chandra, Manjari Tripathi Source Type: research

Posterior short-segment fixation in thoracolumbar unstable burst fractures – transpedicular grafting or six-screw construct?
Burst fracture approximately accounts for 20% of thoracolumbar fractures and occurs due to an axial loading force that results in failure to support the anterior and middle column [1,2]. Proper management of thoracolumbar burst fractures remains controversial and includes nonsurgical and surgical treatment. For those neurologically intact patients with minor deformity, nonoperative treatment of short-term bed rest followed by a molded thoracolumbar orthosis can achieve excellent results [3,4]. Surgery is usually indicated for a patient suffering from severe deformity, for severe pain limiting the patient's activity level, ...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 21, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jen-Chung Liao, Kuo-Fon Fan Source Type: research

Microsurgical resection of juxtafacet cysts without concomitant fusion —Long-term follow-up of 74 patients
Juxtafacet cysts (Fig. 1) include the histologically different but clinically equivalent synovial cysts and ganglion cysts [1]. They can cause lumbar pain, radicular symptoms and neurogenic claudication. The incidence is increasing due to improvements and wider availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2,3]. The prevalence of spinal juxtafacet cysts in 303 patients suffering from back pain or radiculopathy investigated with MRI is 2.3% [4]. The most common location is the lumbar spine with 96.4% [5]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Christoph Scholz, Ulrich Hubbe, Evangelos Kogias, Roland Roelz, Jan-Helge Klingler Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Relationship between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the proliferation of prolactinomas
Prolactinomas are the most common functional hormone-producing pituitary lesions, accounting for 30-40% of all pituitary tumors [1 –4], while in autopsy series their incidence reaches 50% [5]. Between the ages of 20 and 50 years, they are more common in females than males. Above the age of 50 years, they are equally prevalent in each gender [6]. Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia consist of decreased libido, galactorrhea, gynecom astia, amenorrhea, and infertility. Large macroprolactinomas can cause additional symptoms by compressing nearby structures, including headache,palsies of cranial nerves,optic neuropathy and visual ...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 13, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Nan Li, ZhiQuan Jiang Source Type: research

Thrombolytic Treatment to Stroke Mimic Patients via Telestroke
The safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) use among patients presenting with conditions mimicking acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is well established [1]. Rates of patients with stroke mimics (SM) treated with IVT at community hospitals who follow a “drip-and-ship” paradigm is higher than rates found for those presenting to stroke centers [2]. The implementation of telestroke (TS) where neurologists are connected to hospitals in areas without on-site neurological expertise has been proven to be effective in the safe implementation of IVT [3 ]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 13, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ganesh Asaithambi, Amy L. Castle, Michael A. Sperl, Jayashree Ravichandran, Aditi Gupta, Bridget M. Ho, Sandra K. Hanson Source Type: research

Possible common neurological breakdowns for alexithymia and humour appreciation deficit: A case study
People who have sustained brain injury may manifest symptoms of alexithymia which might be referred to as ‘organic alexithymia’. Organic cases of alexithymia which symptoms firstly appear as a result of a brain lesion and in the absence of other types of psychopathology are not well understood and largely neglected. It is also referred to as ‘secondary alexithymia’ and is often more resistant to treatment, while it is not associated with a specific pre-morbid personality and is associated with cognitive impairment. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 11, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Panayiotis Patrikelis, George Konstantakopoulos, Giuliana Lucci, Vasileios K. Katsaros, Damianos E. Sakas, Stylianos Gatzonis, Giorgos Stranjalis Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Is clipping better than coiling in the treatment of patients with oculomotor nerve palsies induced by posterior communicating artery aneurysms? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Posterior communicating artery aneurysms (PcomAAs) are the second most common aneurysms, accounting for 25% of all intracranial aneurysms [1]. It has been estimated that oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) occurs in up to one-third of patients with posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms due to a mass effect on the oculomotor nerve [2]. Compression of the oculomotor nerve resulting in ONP is a common initial symptom and in some cases the only neurological deficit in patients with PcomAAs [3 –6]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 11, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Feng Zheng, Ying Dong, Peng Xia, Anastasios Mpotsaris, Pantelis Stavrinou, Gerrit Brinker, Roland Goldbrunner, Boris Krischek Source Type: research

Impact of timing of cranioplasty on hydrocephalus after decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Over last years the treatment of patients with space occupying middle cerebral artery infarctions has fundamentally changed. More and more early surgical decompressive hemicraniectomies are performed to prevent increased intracranial pressure due to developing cerebral edema. This change of paradigm was necessary due to the poor outcome of conservative treatment in these patients with mortality rates of up to 78%. Several large prospective randomized trials have clearly demonstrated a significant reduction of mortality and improvement of patient outcome after hemicraniectomy [1 –4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - December 8, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Tobias Finger, Vincent Prinz, Evelyn Schreck, Alexandra Pinczolits, Simon Bayerl, Thomas Liman, Johannes Woitzik, Peter Vajkoczy Source Type: research