New approaches for the discovery of lipid ‑related genes.
New approaches for the discovery of lipid‑related genes.
Clin Lipidol. 2011;6(5):495-500
Authors: Curran JE, Meikle PJ, Blangero J
Abstract
"New high-dimensional canonical lipid phenotyping methods … are coming together to suggest a new paradigm for lipid gene discovery that is likely to be more successful than prior efforts."
PMID: 32983264 [PubMed] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 29, 2020 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Investigating Sitosterolemia to Understand Lipid Physiology.
Authors: Nghiem-Rao TH, Patel SB
Abstract
The cholesterol molecule is at the center of the pathophysiology of many vascular diseases. Whole-body cholesterol pools are maintained by a balance of endogenous synthesis, dietary absorption and elimination from our bodies. While the cellular aspects of cholesterol metabolism received significant impetus from the seminal work of Goldstein and Brown investigating LDL receptor trafficking, how dietary cholesterol was absorbed and eliminated was relatively neglected. The identification of the molecular defect a rare human disorder, Sitosterolemia, led to elucidation...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - June 24, 2018 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Sphingolipid regulators of cellular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systems overview.
Authors: Ross JS, Russo SB, Chavis GC, Cowart LA
Abstract
Climbing obesity rates have contributed to worldwide increases in obesity-associated diseases, including the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sphingolipids, an important class of structural and signaling lipids, have emerged as key players in the development and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. More specifically, sphingolipids have been demonstrated to play integral roles in lipotoxicity and other aspects of pathogenesis in T2DM, although the cellular mechanisms by which this occurs and by which sphingolipid metabo...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - April 15, 2018 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
The potential of apolipoprotein mimetic peptides in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Authors: Leman LJ
PMID: 27110290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - April 27, 2016 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Effects of Armolipid Plus on small dense LDL particles in a sample of patients affected by familial combined hyperlipidemia.
CONCLUSION: The combination of a standard diet with Armolipid Plus is able to reduce LDL score and increase LDL particle diameter in a group of FCHL after 8 weeks of treatment.
PMID: 27066111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - April 12, 2016 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Management of lipoprotein X and its complications in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: Brandt EJ, Regnier SM, Leung EK, Chou SH, Baron BW, Te HS, Davidson MH, Sargis RM
Abstract
Lipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein found in conditions such as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and cholestatic states (e.g., primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis). Management of severe hypercholesterolemia due to LpX with drugs and physical removal methods is not well established in the literature. A case is discussed of a 51-year-old woman who presented with multiple electrolyte abnormalities, xanthomas and neuropathy found to be secondary to LpX in the se...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 30, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Formation of milk lipids: a molecular perspective.
Authors: McManaman JL
Abstract
Lipids, primarily triglycerides, are major milk constituents of most mammals, providing a large percentage of calories, essential fatty acids and bioactive lipids required for neonatal growth and development. To meet the caloric and nutritional demands of newborns, the mammary glands of most species have evolved an enormous capacity to synthesize and secrete large quantities of lipids during lactation. Significant information exists regarding the physiological regulation of lipid metabolism in the mammary gland from the study of dairy animals. However, detailed understanding ...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Activation of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase by HDL ApoA-I central helices.
This article reviews the recent progress in elucidating structural aspects of the interaction between LCAT and ApoA-I. In the last decade, there has been considerable progress in understanding the structure of ApoA-I and the central helices 5, 6, and 7 that are known to activate LCAT. However, much less information has been forthcoming describing the 3D structure and conformation of LCAT required to catalyze two separate reactions within a single monomeric peptide.
PMID: 20582235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Lipidology)
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Liver X Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Managing Cholesterol: Implications for Atherosclerosis and Other Inflammatory Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Y, Chan JF, Cummins CL
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by excess cholesterol and inflammation in the blood vessels. The liver X receptors (alpha and beta) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family that are activated by endogenous cholesterol metabolites. These receptors are widely expressed with a tissue distribution that includes the liver, intestine and macrophage. Upon activation, these receptors have been shown to increase reverse cholesterol transport from the macrophage back to the liver to aid in the removal of excess cholesterol. More recently, they have ...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Guardian of corpulence: a hypothesis on p53 signaling in the fat cell.
Authors: Bazuine M, Stenkula KG, Cam M, Arroyo M, Cushman SW
Abstract
Adipocytes provide an organism with fuel in times of caloric deficit, and are an important type of endocrine cell in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In addition, as a lipid-sink, adipocytes serve an equally important role in the protection of organs from the damaging effects of ectopic lipid deposition. For the organism, it is of vital importance to maintain adipocyte viability, yet the fat depot is a demanding extracellular environment with high levels of interstitial free fatty acids and associated lipotoxic effects. These su...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Stable isotope-labeled tracers for the investigation of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in humans in vivo.
This article focuses on the use of stable isotope-labeled tracers for the quantitative evaluation of major pathways of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism in humans in vivo. Adipose tissue lipolysis and free fatty acid appearance in plasma, fatty acid tissue uptake and oxidation, and hepatic very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion are among the metabolic pathways that can be studied by using stable isotope labeled tracers, and will be discussed in detail. The methodology has been in use for many years and is constantly being refined. A variety of tracers and analytical approaches are available and can be use...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Type 2 scavenger receptor CD36 in platelet activation: the role of hyperlipemia and oxidative stress.
Authors: Silverstein RL
Abstract
Platelet hyper-reactivity and a systemic prothrombotic state are associated with atherosclerosis and other inflammatory conditions. CD36, a member of the Type 2 scavenger receptor family, is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor that recognizes specific oxidized phospholipids, molecules expressed on microbial pathogens, apoptotic cells, and cell-derived microparticles. Recent studies have demonstrated that CD36 binding to oxidized LDL or microparticles activates a specific signaling pathway that induces platelet activation. This pathway is activated in vivo in the sett...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
A new model system swims into focus: using the zebrafish to visualize intestinal metabolism in vivo.
Authors: Carten JD, Farber SA
Abstract
Many fundamental questions remain regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of digestive lipid metabolism. One major impediment to answering important questions in the field has been the lack of a tractable and sufficiently complex model system. Until recently, most studies of lipid metabolism have been performed in vitro or in mice, yet each approach possesses certain limitations. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) offers an excellent model system in which to study lipid metabolism in vivo, owing to its small size, genetic tractability and optical clarity. Fluorescent...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
HDL as a contrast agent for medical imaging.
Authors: Cormode DP, Frias JC, Ma Y, Chen W, Skajaa T, Briley-Saebo K, Barazza A, Williams KJ, Mulder WJ, Fayad ZA, Fisher EA
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced MRI of atherosclerosis can provide valuable additional information on a patient's disease state. As a result of the interactions of HDL with atherosclerotic plaque and the flexibility of its reconstitution, it is a versatile candidate for the delivery of contrast-generating materials to this pathogenic lesion. We herein discuss the reports of HDL modified with gadolinium to act as an MRI contrast agent for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, HDL has been modifie...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
Mechanisms and clinical implications of hepatocyte lipoapoptosis.
Authors: Cazanave SC, Gores GJ
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and fatty infiltration of the liver. Accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocyte results from the uptake and esterification of circulating FFAs by the liver. Contrary to current theory, hepatic steatosis appears to be a detoxification process, as FFAs are directly cytotoxic for the hepatocyte and inhibition of triglyceride formation enhances FFAs toxicity. Hepatocyte apoptosis is a key feature of NAFLD and correlates with disease sever...
Source: Clinical Lipidology - September 22, 2015 Category: Lipidology Tags: Clin Lipidol Source Type: research
