Can Physical Characteristics and Sports Bra Use Predict Exercise-Induced Breast Pain in Elite Female Athletes?
Conclusions: Although the current model was not sensitive enough for use by clinicians and coaches, age and breast size were both identified as critical variables in the prediction of exercise-induced breast pain. Future research is encouraged to investigate whether incorporating additional variables such body fat percentage, bra fit, and other relevant factors can add strength to the model. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Elite Ghanaian Male Soccer Players
Conclusions: Uncommon ECG changes seem to be more common in elite Ghanaian soccer players compared with previously reported results for Caucasians and even mixed populations of black athletes. Although ST elevation, T-wave inversions, and LVWT up to 15 mm are common, ST depression, deep T-waves in lateral leads, and LVWT ≥16 mm always warrant further clinical and scientific investigations. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings in Ghanaian Female Soccer Players
Conclusion: Ghanaian female soccer players seem to have a high prevalence of LVH and repolarization change. Although LVWT up to 12 mm might be normal in this cohort, deep T-wave inversions and LVWT ≥13 mm should always be further investigated and/or undergo a long-term follow. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Investigating Concussion Knowledge in US Born Versus Internationally Born Collegiate Student-Athletes in the United States
Conclusion: Among this sample, being born in the United States and length of time in the United States contribute to student-athletes' concussion knowledge. Clinical Relevance: Standardized guidelines are needed to assist health care professionals in properly educating student-athletes about concussions as the recognition and management of concussions can be affected by a student-athlete's knowledge. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Influence of Patient Demographics and Surgical Characteristics on Pass Rates of Return-to-Activity Tests in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Patients Before Physician Clearance
Objective: To identify the frequency of passing return-to-activity tests after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and to investigate the influence of patient-specific factors on pass rates. We hypothesized that isolated strength tests would be most difficult to pass and that graft type would be the most influential factor. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: Eighty patients with a history of primary, unilateral ACLR, and 80 healthy controls participated. Interventions: Bilateral isokinetic strength, isometric strength, and single-leg hop tests were recor...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Knee Biomechanical Deficits During a Single-Leg Landing Task Are Addressed With Neuromuscular Training in Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Athletes
Objective: Faulty neuromuscular and biomechanical deficits of the knee are nearly ubiquitous in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Knee biomechanical deficits are directly associated with an increased risk of second ACL injury, which typically occurs during a sports-related movement on a single limb. To date, the biomechanical effects of a neuromuscular training (NMT) program on knee biomechanics during a single-leg landing task have not been investigated. Design: Prospective Cohort Study. Setting: Controlled laboratory setting. Participants: Eighteen ACLR and 10...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Joint Hypermobility Does Not Increase the Risk of Developing Hip Pain, Cartilage Defects, or Retirement in Professional Ballet Dancers Over 5 years
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of developing hip pain, cartilage defects, and retirement in hypermobile ballet dancers over 5 years. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Professional Ballet Company. Participants: Forty ballet dancers (57.5% women) were assessed at baseline and 21 dancers at 5 years. Independent Variable: Baseline evaluation of generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) (GJH = Beighton score ≥5/9). Outcome Measures: Cartilage defects on hip 3T magnetic resonance imaging and pain (the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score: HAGOS) at baseline and follow-up, hip-re...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Hip Joint Cartilage Defects in Professional Ballet Dancers: A 5-year Longitudinal Study
Objective: A causal link between ballet, hip pain, and pathology has not been established. Change in ballet dancers' hip pain and cartilage defect scores were investigated over 5 years. Design: Longitudinal. Setting: Professional ballet company. Participants: Twenty-one professional ballet dancers (52% men). Independent Variables: Baseline and follow-up Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS—pain subscale); incidence of hip-related pain and levels of dance participation collected daily over 5 years; bony morphology measured on baseline 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Main Ou...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Effect of Sodium Supplements and Climate on Dysnatremia During Ultramarathon Running
Objective: Analyze the effect of sodium supplementation, hydration, and climate on dysnatremia in ultramarathon runners. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: The 2017 80 km (50 mile) stage of the 250 km (150 mile) 6-stage RacingThePlanet ultramarathon in 2017 Chilean, Patagonian, and 2018 Namibian, Mongolian, and Chilean deserts. Participants: All race entrants who could understand English were invited to participate, with 266 runners enrolled, mean age of 43 years (± 9), 61 (36%) females, average weight 74 kg (± 12.5), and average race time 14.5 (± 4.1) hours. Post-race sodium coll...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Dynamic Loading Assessment at the Fifth Metatarsal in Elite Athletes With a History of Jones Fracture
Objective: We hypothesize that athletes who have suffered Jones fractures will apply significantly higher loads at the fifth metatarsal base during athletic activities compared with matched uninjured athletes. Design: Sixteen athletes were recruited to participate. Eight athletes had a history of Jones fracture, and 8 age, gender, and position-matched athletes without a history of foot injury were recruited as controls. Setting: Institutional study at Stanford University. Participants: Sixteen athletes with/without a history of foot injury from Stanford University. Interventions: Athletes pe...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Multiple Past Concussions in High School Hockey Players: Examining Cognitive Functioning and Symptom Reporting
Conclusions: Players with a history of prior concussions performed similarly to players with no prior concussions on cognitive testing. Health history factors were more strongly associated with symptom reporting than concussion history. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Incidence of Undiagnosed Celiac Disease Presenting as Bone Stress Injuries to a Sport and Exercise Medicine Clinic
Conclusions: In this cohort, the incidence of CD seropositivity was 6%, and the prevalence of biopsy-confirmed CD was 5%, approximately 5-fold higher than UK population estimates. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody screening for CD should be considered in all patients presenting with BSIs. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Status and Sex Moderate Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Symptom Severity in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Clinical Management
Conclusions: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related postinjury exacerbations in parent-reported symptoms can be explained, in part, by elevated retrospective parent-reported ADHD-related pre-mTBI ratings. These results highlight the importance of assessing a patient's baseline symptoms post-mTBI. These data also indicate that ADHD status and sex should be considered when interpreting mTBI symptom severity during clinical evaluation of concussion. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement: Principles for the Responsible Use of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Medicine
Abstract: Many sports medicine physicians are currently considering introducing regenerative medicine into their practice. Regenerative medicine and the subclassification of orthobiologics are a complicated topic and have produced widely varying opinions. Although there is concern by government regulators, clinicians, scientists, patient advocacy organizations, and the media regarding the use of regenerative medicine products, there is also excitement about the potential benefits with growing evidence that certain regenerative medicine products are safe and potentially efficacious in treating musculoskeletal conditions...
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Position Statement Source Type: research

Iliopsoas Release: A Systematic Review of Clinical Efficacy and Associated Complications
Conclusions: Both open and arthroscopic iliopsoas releases have been shown to be successful treatment options regardless of the surgical indications identified in this review. Arthroscopic release demonstrated a decreased failure rate, fewer complications, and improved outcomes when compared with open procedures. (Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine)
Source: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine - November 1, 2021 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: General Review Source Type: research