Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormones on Lipid, Metabolic, and Cardiac Surrogate Blood Markers in Transgender Persons [Reviews]
BACKGROUND:
Gender-affirming hormonal therapy consists of testosterone in transgender men and estrogens and antiandrogens in transgender women. Research has concluded that gender-affirming therapy generally leads to high satisfaction rates, increased quality of life, and higher psychological well-being. However, given the higher incidence of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in cisgender men compared with cisgender women, concerns about the cardiometabolic risk of androgen therapy have been raised.
CONTENT:
A literature research was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, searching for relevant articles on the effe...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Defreyne, J., Van de Bruaene, L. D. L., Rietzschel, E., Van Schuylenbergh, J., T'Sjoen, G. G. R. Tags: Endocrinology and Metabolism Reviews Source Type: research
Determinants of Vascular Age: An Epidemiological Perspective [Reviews]
We report here results of an extensive literature review of longitudinal cohort studies with repeated measures of arterial stiffness to characterize determinants of vascular age. Additionally, we summarize population-based studies that have focused on the association of arterial stiffness with end-organ damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
SUMMARY:
Changes in arterial stiffness are evident in early childhood. In adults, arterial stiffness has been observed to progress at the average rate of 0.2 to 0.7 m/s for every 5 years of life. The state of the science is limited by the small number of studies with repeated mea...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kucharska-Newton, A. M., Stoner, L., Meyer, M. L. Tags: Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Reviews Source Type: research
Plasma DNA Analysis in Prostate Cancer: Opportunities for Improving Clinical Management [Reviews]
BACKGROUND:
Molecular characterization of tumors could be important for clinical management. Plasma DNA obtained noninvasively as a liquid biopsy could be widely applicable for clinical implementation in biomarker-based treatment strategies.
CONTENT:
Prostate cancer is a disease with variable clinical outcomes and molecular features and therefore presents multiple opportunities for biomarker-based treatment optimization. Tissue analysis may not be representative of the lethal clone in localized disease or of intrapatient, intermetastases heterogeneity; fresh tissue is often challenging to obtain by biopsy of metastasis, w...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wu, A., Attard, G. Tags: Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics Reviews Source Type: research
Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer: From Discovery to Clinical Utility [Reviews]
BACKGROUND:
Prostate cancer represents the most common non–skin cancer type in men. Unmet needs include understanding prognosis to determine when intervention is needed and what type, prediction to guide the choice of a systemic therapy, and response indicators to determine whether a treatment is working. Over the past decade, the "liquid biopsy," characterized by the analysis of tumor cells and tumor cell products such as cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, microRNA) or extracellular vesicles circulating in the blood of cancer patients, has received considerable attention.
CONTENT:
Among those biomarkers, circulating tum...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Pantel, K., Hille, C., Scher, H. I. Tags: Other Areas of Clinical Chemistry Reviews Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Disease and Frailty: What Are the Mechanistic Links? [Mini-Reviews]
BACKGROUND:
In aging populations, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and frailty are common and often coexist. It is possible that common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways increase the risk of both CVD and frailty.
CONTENT:
Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple causes and contributing factors. It is characterized by multisystem impairment that decreases physiological reserve and increases vulnerability to stress. Diverse methods have been used to evaluate frailty. Most include 1 or several measures related to reduced exercise, physical function, cognition, activities of daily living, comorbidities, def...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Stewart, R. Tags: Other Areas of Clinical Chemistry Mini-Reviews Source Type: research
Germline Genetics of Prostate Cancer: Time to Incorporate Genetics into Early Detection Tools [Mini-Reviews]
BACKGROUND:
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common solid malignancy in men, and its prevalence makes understanding its heritability of paramount importance. To date, the most common factors used to estimate a man's risk of developing PCa are age, race, and family history. Despite recent advances in its utility in multiple malignancies (e.g., breast and colon cancer), genetic testing is still relatively underutilized in PCa.
CONTENT:
Multiple highly penetrant genes (HPGs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been show to increase a patient's risk of developing PCa. Mutations in the former, like DNA damage...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Fantus, R. J., Helfand, B. T. Tags: Other Areas of Clinical Chemistry Mini-Reviews Source Type: research
Identifying and Eliminating Laboratory Contamination by Topical Testosterone Therapeutics [Special Reports]
Many prescription and over-the-counter drugs are available as topical formulations. Contamination of clinical laboratory workspaces by topical drugs may increase the risk of potential interference with diagnostic testing. An example of localized workspace contamination attributed to a topical hormonal drug (testosterone, T) is presented to highlight significant challenges in identifying and resolving this potential problem. Investigation included precision studies, instrument service and parts replacement, instrument replacement, airflow analysis, environmental dust sampling, and the development of customized methods for w...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Genzen, J. R., La'ulu, S. L., Wyness, S. P., Scholes, K. L., Signorelli, H. N., Greer, R. W. Tags: General Clinical Chemistry Special Reports Source Type: research
Venous Thrombotic Risk in Transgender Women Undergoing Estrogen Therapy: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis [Special Reports]
BACKGROUND:
Transgender women are female individuals who were recorded men at birth based on natal sex. Supporting a person's gender identity improves their psychological health, and gender-affirming hormones reduce gender dysphoria and benefit mental health. For transgender women, estrogen administration has clinically significant benefits. Previous reviews have reported conflicting literature on the thrombotic risk of estrogen therapy in transgender women and have highlighted the need for more high-quality research.
CONTENT:
To help address the gap in understanding thrombotic risk in transgender women receiving estrogen...
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Khan, J., Schmidt, R. L., Spittal, M. J., Goldstein, Z., Smock, K. J., Greene, D. N. Tags: Hemostasis and Thrombosis Special Reports Source Type: research
Commentary [Clinical Case Study]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Mateo, R. C. I., Garber, J. Tags: Clinical Case Study Source Type: research
An Unusual Case of Decompensated Heart Failure in a Young Man [Clinical Case Study]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Farnsworth, C. W., Baranski, T. J. Tags: Clinical Case Studies, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Case Study Source Type: research
Is it Time to Test the Effect of Weight Loss on Testosterone? [Opinion]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Singh, A., Dobs, A. S. Tags: Endocrinology and Metabolism Opinion Source Type: research
Direct to Consumer Fitness DNA Testing [Opinion]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Spencer, E. G., Topol, E. J. Tags: Other Areas of Clinical Chemistry Opinion Source Type: research
Metabolic Factors and Prostate Cancer Risk [Opinion]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Dickerman, B., Mucci, L. Tags: Other Areas of Clinical Chemistry Opinion Source Type: research
Redesigning Prostate Cancer Screening Strategies to Reduce Overdiagnosis [Opinion]
(Source: Clinical Chemistry)
Source: Clinical Chemistry - January 2, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Vickers, A. J. Tags: Cancer Diagnostics (since 2002) Opinion Source Type: research
