Humoral and cellular immune response in patients of liver cirrhosis and immunocompetent recipient of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 Vaccine (Covishield)
AbstractDespite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the severity of the disease, the demand for booster is increasing in vulnerable populations like elderly and immunocompromised individuals especially with each new wave of COVID-19 in different countries. There is limited data on the sustained immunity against COVID-19 in patients with liver cirrhosis. The study was aimed to compare the T cell and humoral immune response after 1 year of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 Vaccine in patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy health care workers (HCW). This was a prospective observational study including 36 HCW, 19 liver cir...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
The relationship between peripheral T follicular helper cells and disease severity in systemic sclerosis
AbstractWe aimed to investigate the association between follicular T helper cells (Tfh) and disease severity in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a chronic connective tissue disease characterized by progressive fibrosis. While Tfh cells have been extensively studied in other autoimmune diseases, their role in SSc remains poorly understood. A cohort of 50 SSc patients, diagnosed based on the ACR/EULAR 2013 classification criteria, was included in the study. Patient data, including demographic information, comorbidities, treatment history and organ involvement, were collected. Disease severity was assessed using the modified Rodnan ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Vaccination protects against acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the occurrence of ARDS in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study population of this retrospective, single-center cohort study consisted of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with known vaccination status and chest computed tomography imaging between July 2021 and February 2022. The impact of vaccination on ARDS in COVID-19 patients was assessed through logistic regression adjusting for demographic differences and confounding factors with statistical differences determined using confidence intervals and effect sizes. A total of 167 patients (69% male, average ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
WNT/ β-catenin regulatory roles on PD-(L)1 and immunotherapy responses
AbstractDysregulation of WNT/ β-catenin is a hallmark of many cancer types and a key mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. Overactive β-catenin signaling hampers dendritic cell (DC) recruitment, promotes CD8+ T cell exclusion and increases the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The activity of WNT/ β-catenin also induces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells and promotes programmed death-1 (PD-1) upregulation. Increased activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling after anti-PD-1 therapy is indicative of a possible implication of this signaling in bypassing immune checkpo int inhibitor (ICI...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
The association between hepatic viral infections and cancers: a cross-sectional study in the Taiwan adult population
ConclusionOur findings suggest that hepatic viral infections are associated with intra- and extrahepatic cancers. However, being cross-sectional, causal inferences cannot be made. A recall-by-genotype study is recommended to further investigate the causality of these associations. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine)
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
mRNA vaccine boosters and impaired immune system response in immune compromised individuals: a narrative review
AbstractOver the last 24 months, there has been growing evidence of a correlation between mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters and increased prevalence of COVID-19 infection and other pathologies. Recent works have added possible causation to correlation. mRNA vaccine boosters may impair immune system response in immune comprom ised individuals. Multiple doses of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may result in much higher levels of IgG 4 antibodies, or also impaired activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. The opportunity for mRNA vaccine boosters to impair the immune system response needs careful consideration, as this imp act...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 27, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Global landscape of COVID-19 research: a visualization analysis of randomized clinical trials
AbstractThe emergence of COVID-19 in 2019 has resulted in a significant global health crisis. Consequently, extensive research was published to understand and mitigate the disease. In particular, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been considered the benchmark for assessing the efficacy and safety of interventions. Hence, the present study strives to present a comprehensive overview of the global research landscape pertaining to RCTs and COVID-19. A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database. The search parameters included articles published from 2020 to 2022 using keywords specifically related to ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 22, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Herpes zoster after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in actively treated cancer patients: a prospective study
AbstractSeveral concerns have been raised about a causal relationship between COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines and the development of herpes zoster (HZ). We performed a prospective analysis of the Vax-On-Third-Profile study to investigate the incidence of HZ after the third dose of mRNA-BNT162b2 (tozinameran) and its correlation with immune responses. Patients who had received a booster dose and had been actively treated for at least 8 weeks were eligible. Serologic assessment was performed before the third dose of tozinameran (timepoint-1) and 4 weeks later (timepoint-2). We also assessed the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 breakt...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 20, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Idiopathic erythrocytosis: a germline disease?
AbstractPolycythemia Vera (PV) is typically caused by V617F or exon 12JAK2 mutations. Little is known about Polycythemia cases where noJAK2 variants can be detected, and no other causes identified. This condition is defined as idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE). We evaluated clinical-laboratory parameters of a cohort of 56 IE patients and we determined their molecular profile at diagnosis with paired blood/buccal-DNA exome-sequencing coupled with a high-depth targeted OncoPanel to identify a possible underling germline or somatic cause. We demonstrated that most of our cohort (40/56: 71.4%) showed no evidence of clonal hematop...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 20, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Humoral responses to wild type and ancient BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant after heterologous priming vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 booster dose
AbstractSeveral countries have recommended a booster dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine for subjects under the age of 60, who have already received the first dose of ChAdOx1. This is due to several ChAdOx1 vaccine-associated adverse vascular events and thrombocytopenia. Neutralization assay and quantitative IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody (anti-S-IgG) were conducted to investigate the long-term responses to vaccine treatment in a cohort of Sardinian participants, who have received heterologous Prime –Boost Vaccination via ChAdOx1 vector vaccine and a booster dose via BNT162b2. The obtained results were compared with thos...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 20, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Evaluation of NTRK expression and fusions in a large cohort of early-stage lung cancer
AbstractTropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) are attractive targets for cancer therapy. As TRK-inhibitors are approved for all solid cancers with detectable fusions involving the Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK)-genes, there has been an increased interest in optimizing testing regimes. In this project, we wanted to find the prevalence ofNTRK fusions in a cohort of various histopathological types of early-stage lung cancer in Norway and to investigate the association between TRK protein expression and specific histopathological types, including their molecular and epidemiological characteristics. We used immunohis...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Helios characterized circulating follicular helper T cells with enhanced functional phenotypes and was increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
AbstractHelios was related to the immunosuppressive capacity and stability of regulatory T cells. However, the significance of Helios in follicular help T (TFH) and follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells is unclear. This research aimed to clarify the significance of Helios (IKZF2) in TFH and TFR cells and its clinical value in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).IKZF2 mRNA in different cell subsets was analyzed. Helios+ percentages in TFH and TFR cells were identified in the peripheral blood of 75 SLE patients and 62 HCs (healthy controls). PD-1 and ICOS expression were compared between Helios+ and Helios − cells. The capaci...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Elevated serum IL-2 and Th17/Treg imbalance are associated with gout
This study compared the peripheral lymphocyte and CD4+T cell subsets, and cytokines in gout and healthy controls (HCs) to explore the contributions of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, T regulatory (Treg) cells and cytokines to the pathogenesis of gout. We enrolled 126 gout patients (53 early-onset gout with age of first presentation < 40 years, and 73 late-onset gout with age of first presentation ≥ 40 years) and 77 HCs. Percentage and absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte and CD4+T cell subpopulations in each group were detected by flow cytometry. The serum cytokine levels were determined by flow cytometric ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Efficacy of omalizumab in adult patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a multicentre study in China
AbstractDespite conventional glucocorticoid and antifungal therapy, acute exacerbation and hospitalization occur frequently in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Whether omalizumab is an effective and safe treatment for adult patients with ABPA complicating asthma. Patients with ABPA complicating asthma who were treated with omalizumab from October 2019 to May 2023 were collected from five tertiary hospitals and evaluated. The frequencies of acute exacerbation and hospitalization; the number of eosinophils; the total IgE levels; and the average monthly medical dosages after 3, 6, and 12 months ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
Recent nanotheranostic approaches in cancer research
AbstractHumanity is suffering from cancer which has become a root cause of untimely deaths of individuals around the globe in the recent past. Nanotheranostics integrates therapeutics and diagnostics to monitor treatment response and enhance drug efficacy and safety. We hereby propose to discuss all recent cancer imaging and diagnostic tools, the mechanism of targeting tumor cells, and current nanotheranostic platforms available for cancer. This review discusses various nanotheranostic agents and novel molecular imaging tools like MRI, CT, PET, SPEC, and PAT used for cancer diagnostics. Emphasis is given to gold nanopartic...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine - January 19, 2024 Category: Research Source Type: research
