The efficacy and safety of inhaled antibiotics for the treatment of bronchiectasis in adults: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Chest. 2024 Feb 1:S0012-3692(24)00139-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.045. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Inhaled antibiotics are conditionally recommended by international bronchiectasis guidelines for the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis but results of individual studies are inconsistent. A previous meta-analysis demonstrated promising results regarding the efficacy and safety of inhaled antibiotics in bronchiectasis. Subsequent publications have further supplemented the existing body of evidence in this area.RESEARCH QUESTION: To what extent do inhaled antibiotics demonstrate both efficacy and safety...
Source: Chest - February 3, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ricardo Cordeiro Hayoung Choi Charles S Haworth James D Chalmers Source Type: research
ACR Lung-RADS v2022: Assessment Categories and Management Recommendations
This article summarizes the current evidence and expert consensus supporting Lung-RADS v2022.PMID:38300206 | DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.028 (Source: Chest)
Source: Chest - February 1, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jared Christensen Ashley Elizabeth Prosper Carol C Wu Jonathan Chung Elizabeth Lee Brett Elicker Andetta R Hunsaker Milena Petranovic Kim L Sandler Brendon Stiles Peter Mazzone David Yankelevitz Denise Aberle Caroline Chiles Ella Kazerooni Source Type: research
Thoracic Surgery Deserts in The United States: A Geospatial Analysis
Chest. 2024 Jan 30:S0012-3692(24)00137-5. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.043. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38301743 | DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.043 (Source: Chest)
Source: Chest - February 1, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pedro Rvo Salerno Zhuo Chen Juliana Vieira de Oliveira Salerno Issam Motairek Jean-Eudes Dazard Salil Deo Sanjay Rajagopalan Sadeer Al-Kindi Source Type: research
"How I do it": Home Non-Invasive Ventilation in COPD
This article briefly reviews the newest evidence and current guidelines on LT-NIV in severe COPD. It describes a true case who benefitted from the therapy. Finally, it provides strategies for initiating and optimizing this LT-NIV in COPD, discussing high-pressure NIV, optimization of triggering and control of inspiratory time. As demand increases, clinicians will need to be familiar with this therapy, to reap its benefits, as inadequately adjusted LT-NIV will not be tolerated or effective.PMID:38301744 | DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.030 (Source: Chest)
Source: Chest - February 1, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Marta Kaminska Veronique Adam Jeremy Orr Source Type: research
Physiological effects of reconnection to the ventilator for 1 hour after successful spontaneous breathing trial
Chest. 2024 Jan 29:S0012-3692(24)00130-2. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.038. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Reconnection to the ventilator for 1 hour after a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) may reduce reintubation rate as compared to direct extubation. However, the physiological mechanisms leading to this effect are unclear.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does reconnection to the ventilator for 1 hour reverse alveolar derecruitment induced by SBT, and is alveolar derecruitment more pronounced with a T-piece than with pressure-support ventilation (PSV)?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ancillary study of a randomized clin...
Source: Chest - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: R émi Coudroy Alice Lejars Maeva Rodriguez Jean-Pierre Frat Christophe Rault Fran çois Arrivé Sylvain Le Pape Arnaud W Thille Source Type: research
High vs. low PEEP in ARDS patients exhibiting intense inspiratory effort during assisted ventilation: a randomized cross-over trial
Chest. 2024 Jan 29:S0012-3692(24)00132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.040. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: PEEP can potentially modulate inspiratory effort (ΔPes), which is the major determinant of self-inflicted lung injury.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does high PEEP reduce ΔPes in moderate-to-severe ARDS patients on assisted ventilation?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg and ΔPes≥10 cmH2O underwent a randomized sequence of four ventilator settings: PEEP=5 cmH2O or PEEP=15 cmH2O + synchronous (pressure support ventilation, PSV) or asynchronous (pressure-controlled intermittent manda...
Source: Chest - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Giuseppe Bello Valentina Giammatteo Alessandra Bisanti Luca Delle Cese Tommaso Ros à Luca S Menga Luca Montini Teresa Michi Giorgia Spinazzola Gennaro De Pascale Mariano Alberto Pennisi Roberta Ribeiro De Santis Santiago Lorenzo Berra Massimo Antonelli D Source Type: research
Non-radiology Healthcare Professionals Significantly Benefit from AI-Assistance in Emergency-Related Chest Radiography Interpretation
Chest. 2024 Jan 29:S0012-3692(24)00131-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.039. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Chest radiography (CXR) is still of crucial importance in primary diagnostics, but interpretation poses difficulties at times.RESEARCH QUESTION: Can a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based AI system that interprets CXRs add value in an emergency unit (EU) setting?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 563 CXRs acquired in the EU of a major university hospital were retrospectively assessed twice by three board-certified radiologists (BCRs), three radiology residents (RRs), and three EU-experienced non-radio...
Source: Chest - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jan Rudolph Christian Huemmer Alexander Preuhs Guiulia Buizza Boj F Hoppe Julien Dinkel Vanessa Koliogiannis Nicola Fink Sophia S Goller Vincent Schwarze Nabeel Mansour Vanessa F Schmidt Maximilian Fischer Maximilian J örgens Najib Ben Khaled Thomas Lieb Source Type: research
Long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in sarcoidosis: a nationwide cohort study
Chest. 2024 Jan 29:S0012-3692(24)00134-X. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.042. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but unlike other inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, data on the risk of VTE in patients with sarcoidosis are sparse.RESEARCH QUESTION: Do patients with sarcoidosis have a higher long-term risk of VTE (pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis, and each of these individually) compared with the background population?STUDY DESIGN: and methods: Using Danish na...
Source: Chest - January 31, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Adelina Yafasova Emil L Fosb øl Finn Gustafsson Sophine B Krintel S øren L Kristensen Morten Schou Jeppe K Petersen Guoli Sun Kasper Rossing Seiko N Doi Lars K øber Jawad H Butt Source Type: research
Risk-Adapted Starting Age of Personalized Lung Cancer Screening: A Population-Based, Prospective Cohort Study in China
Chest. 2024 Jan 20:S0012-3692(24)00042-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.031. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The current one-size-fits-all screening strategy for lung cancer is not suitable for personalized screening.RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the risk-adapted starting age of lung cancer screening with comprehensive consideration of risk factors?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The National Lung Cancer Screening program, a multicenter, population-based, prospective cohort study, was analyzed. Information on risk factor exposure was collected during the baseline risk assessment. A Cox proportional hazards model was used t...
Source: Chest - January 22, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chenran Wang Xuesi Dong Fengwei Tan Zheng Wu Yufei Huang Yadi Zheng Zilin Luo Yongjie Xu Liang Zhao Jibin Li Kaiyong Zou Wei Cao Fei Wang Jiansong Ren Jufang Shi Wanqing Chen Jie He Ni Li Source Type: research
Pulmonary Rehabilitation for individuals with persistent symptoms following COVID-19
Chest. 2024 Jan 19:S0012-3692(24)00040-0. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.029. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTOPIC IMPORTANCE: COVID-19 can cause ongoing and persistent symptoms (such as breathlessness and fatigue) that lead to reduced functional capacity. There are parallels in symptoms and functional limitations in adults with post-COVID symptoms and adults with chronic respiratory diseases. Pulmonary Rehabilitation is a key treatment for adults with chronic respiratory diseases with the aims to improve symptom management, increase functional capacity. Given the similarities in presentation and aims, a Pulmonary Rehabilitat...
Source: Chest - January 21, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Enya Daynes George Mills James Hull Nicolette C Bishop Majda Bakali Chris Burtin Hamish Jc McAuley Sally J Singh Neil J Greening Source Type: research
Hospital-Onset Sepsis Warrants Expanded Investigation and Consideration as a Unique Clinical Entity
Chest. 2024 Jan 19:S0012-3692(24)00039-4. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.028. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSepsis causes more than a quarter million deaths among hospitalized adults in the United States each year. Although most cases of sepsis are present on admission, up to one quarter of patients with sepsis develop this highly morbid and mortal condition while hospitalized. Compared with patients with community-onset sepsis (COS), patients with hospital-onset sepsis (HOS) are twice as likely to require mechanical ventilation and ICU admission, have more than two times longer ICU and hospital length of stay, accrue five t...
Source: Chest - January 21, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jennifer C Ginestra Angel O Coz Yataco Siddharth P Dugar Matthew R Dettmer Source Type: research
Costs of End-of-Life Hospitalizations for Individuals with Pulmonary Diseases in the United States
Chest. 2024 Jan 13:S0012-3692(24)00030-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Lung transplant is a life-saving intervention for individuals with advanced lung disease but is costly and resource-intensive. To investigate the cost-effectiveness of lung transplant as a treatment option in pulmonary disease, we must understand costs attributable to end-of-life hospitalizations for end-stage lung disease.RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the costs associated with end-of-life hospitalizations for individuals with pulmonary disease and how have these trends changed over time?STUDY DESIGN AND METH...
Source: Chest - January 15, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Carli J Lehr Elizabeth Dewey Belinda Udeh Jarrod E Dalton Maryam Valapour Source Type: research
Differences in physiological endotypes between non-positional and positional obstructive sleep apnea: Results from Shanghai Sleep Health Study cohort
This study highlights the differences in endotypes between NPOSA and POSA. In Chinese individuals, anatomical factors were more significant in determining the severity of NPOSA, while non-anatomical traits were more likely to determine the severity of POSA. Future research should focus on developing personalized management strategies for individuals with NPOSA and POSA based on their endotypes.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No: 2019-KY-050[K]) and registered at the...
Source: Chest - January 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiaoting Wang Tianjiao Zhou Weijun Huang Jingyu Zhang Jianyin Zou Jian Guan Hongliang Yi Shankai Yin Source Type: research
Sarcoidosis Is Associated With Hematologic Comorbidities: A Cross-Sectional Study in the All of Us Research Program
Chest. 2024 Jan 11:S0012-3692(24)00024-2. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.017. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38218218 | DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.017 (Source: Chest)
Source: Chest - January 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jill T Shah William Mark Richardson Daniel R Mazori Lavanya Mittal Alisa N Femia Avrom S Caplan Source Type: research
Early Deep Sedation Practices Worsened During the Pandemic Among Adult Patients Without COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Chest. 2024 Jan 12:S0012-3692(24)00027-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.019. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: There is substantial evidence that patients with COVID-19 were treated with sustained deep sedation during the pandemic. However, it is unknown whether such guideline-discordant care had spillover effects to patients without COVID-19.RESEARCH QUESTION: Did patterns of early deep sedation change during the pandemic for patients on mechanical ventilation without COVID-19?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used electronic health record data from 4,237 patients who were intubated without COVID-19. We compared sedatio...
Source: Chest - January 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anna K Barker Thomas S Valley Michael T Kenes Michael W Sjoding Source Type: research
