Non-reducing End of Heparin Tri-saccharide is a Scavenger Tool to Detoxify the Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):82-86. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.171.ABSTRACTHeparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout. However, the structural determinant that mediates this activity is not clear. This paper describes our finding that the responses of hyperglycemic divi...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Andrew Jun Wang Aimin Wang Vincent Charles Hascall Source Type: research

Non-reducing End of Heparin Tri-saccharide is a Scavenger Tool to Detoxify the Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):82-86. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.171.ABSTRACTHeparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout. However, the structural determinant that mediates this activity is not clear. This paper describes our finding that the responses of hyperglycemic divi...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Andrew Jun Wang Aimin Wang Vincent Charles Hascall Source Type: research

Non-reducing End of Heparin Tri-saccharide is a Scavenger Tool to Detoxify the Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):82-86. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.171.ABSTRACTHeparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout. However, the structural determinant that mediates this activity is not clear. This paper describes our finding that the responses of hyperglycemic divi...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Andrew Jun Wang Aimin Wang Vincent Charles Hascall Source Type: research

Non-reducing End of Heparin Tri-saccharide is a Scavenger Tool to Detoxify the Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):82-86. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.171.ABSTRACTHeparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout. However, the structural determinant that mediates this activity is not clear. This paper describes our finding that the responses of hyperglycemic divi...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 27, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Andrew Jun Wang Aimin Wang Vincent Charles Hascall Source Type: research

Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104777. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael E Pichichero Source Type: research

Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104777. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael E Pichichero Source Type: research

Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104777. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael E Pichichero Source Type: research

Variability of vaccine responsiveness in early life
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104777. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104777. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVaccinations in early life elicit variable antibody and cellular immune responses, sometimes leaving fully vaccinated children unprotected against life-threatening infectious diseases. Specific immune cell populations and immune networks may have a critical period of development and calibration in a window of opportunity occurring during the first 100 days of early life. Among the early life determinants of vaccine responses, this review will focus on modifiable factors involving development of the infant microbiota ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Michael E Pichichero Source Type: research

Immunologic Implications for Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Role of the Immune System in Pathogenesis, Neurorepair, and Rehabilitation
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):65-81. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.170.ABSTRACTStroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke. Of these secondary mechanisms of injury, significant dysregulation of various immune populations within the body plays a crucial role in exacerbati...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Grace Hey Siya Bhutani Maxwell Woolridge Aashay Patel Anna Walls Brandon Lucke-Wold Source Type: research

ATM-AMPK α mediated LAG-3 expression suppresses T cell function in prostate cancer
Cell Immunol. 2023 Sep 28;393-394:104773. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104773. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImmunotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) faces serious challenges. Therefore, the co-inhibitory receptors that regulate T cell function of PCa must be elucidated. Here we identified that the inhibitory receptor LAG3 was significantly induced in T cells from PCa patients. Gene array analysis revealed that insufficient ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene expression in PCa T cells was responsible for the elevated LAG3 expression. Mechanistically, insufficient ATM expression impaired its ability to activate AMPKα si...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinyao Zhang Haiqi Chen Jiawen Han Zongren Wang Yu Guo Zhongyang Zhou Rong Luo Meiqin Dai Wei Ou Lingwu Chen Lan Shao Source Type: research

Ro52/TRIM21 - From host defense to autoimmunity
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104776. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104776. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRo52 (TRIM21) belongs to the ubiquitin ligase family. This protein plays a crucial role in many immunological processes, including antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization, synergy with the complement system, antiviral response, death mediation, oxidative stress response, and protein ubiquitination. Abnormal expression of TRIM21 can break immunological tolerance and lead to the production of autoantibodies against TRIM21. Antibodies against TRIM21 are detected in various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Emilia Holwek Aleksandra Opinc-Rosiak Joanna Sarnik Joanna Makowska Source Type: research

Immunologic Implications for Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Role of the Immune System in Pathogenesis, Neurorepair, and Rehabilitation
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):65-81. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.170.ABSTRACTStroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke. Of these secondary mechanisms of injury, significant dysregulation of various immune populations within the body plays a crucial role in exacerbati...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Grace Hey Siya Bhutani Maxwell Woolridge Aashay Patel Anna Walls Brandon Lucke-Wold Source Type: research

ATM-AMPK α mediated LAG-3 expression suppresses T cell function in prostate cancer
Cell Immunol. 2023 Sep 28;393-394:104773. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104773. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImmunotherapy for prostate cancer (PCa) faces serious challenges. Therefore, the co-inhibitory receptors that regulate T cell function of PCa must be elucidated. Here we identified that the inhibitory receptor LAG3 was significantly induced in T cells from PCa patients. Gene array analysis revealed that insufficient ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene expression in PCa T cells was responsible for the elevated LAG3 expression. Mechanistically, insufficient ATM expression impaired its ability to activate AMPKα si...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinyao Zhang Haiqi Chen Jiawen Han Zongren Wang Yu Guo Zhongyang Zhou Rong Luo Meiqin Dai Wei Ou Lingwu Chen Lan Shao Source Type: research

Ro52/TRIM21 - From host defense to autoimmunity
Cell Immunol. 2023 Oct 15;393-394:104776. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104776. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRo52 (TRIM21) belongs to the ubiquitin ligase family. This protein plays a crucial role in many immunological processes, including antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization, synergy with the complement system, antiviral response, death mediation, oxidative stress response, and protein ubiquitination. Abnormal expression of TRIM21 can break immunological tolerance and lead to the production of autoantibodies against TRIM21. Antibodies against TRIM21 are detected in various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Emilia Holwek Aleksandra Opinc-Rosiak Joanna Sarnik Joanna Makowska Source Type: research

Immunologic Implications for Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Role of the Immune System in Pathogenesis, Neurorepair, and Rehabilitation
J Cell Immunol. 2023;5(3):65-81. doi: 10.33696/immunology.5.170.ABSTRACTStroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke. Of these secondary mechanisms of injury, significant dysregulation of various immune populations within the body plays a crucial role in exacerbati...
Source: Cellular Immunology - October 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Grace Hey Siya Bhutani Maxwell Woolridge Aashay Patel Anna Walls Brandon Lucke-Wold Source Type: research