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Preclinical Models of Cardiac Disease: A Comprehensive Overview for Clinical Scientists
AbstractFor recent decades, cardiac diseases have been the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Despite significant achievements in their management, profound understanding of disease progression is limited. The lack of biologically relevant and robust preclinical disease models that truly grasp the molecular underpinnings of cardiac disease and its pathophysiology attributes to this stagnation, as well as the insufficiency of platforms that effectively explore novel therapeutic avenues. The area of fundamental and translational cardiac research has therefore gained wide interest of scientists in the clinical fi...
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - January 16, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

An Anatomically Shaped Mitral Valve for Hemodynamic Testing
In this study, we explore using a hydrogel-based mitral valve that offers a full representation of the mitral valve apparatus. The valve is tested using a custom-made mock circulatory loop to replicate the left heart. The flow analysis includes performing particle image velocimetry measurements in both left atrium and ventricle. The results showed the ability of the new mitral valve to replicate the real interventricular and atrial flow patterns during the whole cardiac cycle. Moreover, the investigated valve has a ventricular vortex formation time of 5.2, while the peak e- and a-wave ventricular velocities was 0.9  m/s a...
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - January 16, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Blood Pressure Estimation Based on PPG and ECG Signals Using Knowledge Distillation
ConclusionOur results demonstrate the benefits of the knowledge distillation training method in reducing the number of parameters and improving the predictive accuracy of the blood pressure regression model. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - January 8, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Hemodynamics of Saline Flushing in Endoscopic Imaging of Partially Occluded Coronary Arteries
ConclusionsA dual lumen saline injection catheter was shown to produce clearance safely and effectively in models of partially occluded coronary arteries. Clearance was achieved across a range of engineering and clinical parameters without the use of a balloon occlusion, providing development guideposts for a fluid injection system in forward-imaging coronary endoscopes. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - January 8, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

EDL Induced Electro-magnetized Modified Hybrid Nano-blood Circulation in an Endoscopic Fatty Charged Arterial Indented Tract
ConclusionThe model ’s new findings may be invaluable in electro-magneto-endoscopic operation, electro-magneto-treatment for cancer, surgical process, etc. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - December 26, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Feasibility of a Composite Measure of Pulmonary Vascular Impedance and Application to Patients with Chronic RV Failure Post LVAD Implant
In conclusion, cPVZ calculated from SoC measures is possible. Although data that could be obtained were limited it suggests no difference in RV afterload for RVF patients post-implant. If confirmed in larger studies, focus should be placed on cardiac function in these subjects. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - December 21, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Preclinical Proof-of-Concept of a Minimally Invasive Direct Cardiac Compression Device for Pediatric Heart Support
ConclusionsThis preclinical proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of a DCC device on a pediatric scale that is minimally invasive and non-blood contacting, with promising hemodynamic support and durability for the initial intended duration of use. The ability of DCC to maintain pulsatile MCS without blood contact represents an opportunity to mitigate the mortality and morbidity observed in non-pulsatile, blood-contacting MCS. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - December 18, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Computational Comparison of the Mechanical Behavior of Aortic Stent-Grafts Derived from Auxetic Unit Cells
ConclusionsSG limbs derived from auxetic unit cells show great promise for EVAR applications even at high angulations such as 180 °, with acceptable levels of durability and flexibility. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - December 18, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Proximal Clipping and Distal High-Flow Bypass in the Treatment of Giant/Complex Intracranial Aneurysm: An Opportunity or a Risk from a Fluid-Structural Interaction Analysis
ConclusionsNeurosurgeon should cautiously evaluate the opportunity and risk for such patients who have aplasia of the A1 segment of ACA when making clinical decisions. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - December 13, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Motion Characterization of Pacemaker Lead Wire In Vivo for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications
ConclusionsThe results suggest that fluoroscopy imaging data can be effective in evaluating PEH designs rather than using animal models, saving time and costs. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 22, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

ECG Signal Denoising Using an Improved Hybrid DWT-ADTF Approach
ConclusionIn the vast majority of the study cases, the proposed approach outperforms the compared methods in terms of statistical results for real and synthetic noises. Furthermore, compared to these methods, it provides a fairly low time complexity. This is consistent with the ambition of embedding this approach in low-cost hardware architectures. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Novel Peripheral Perfusion Dynamics Indices for Detecting and Grading Arterial Stenosis
ConclusionsThe novel method and indices can identify and grade the emulated arterial stenosis with high accuracy and may assist in differentiating between focal arterial stenosis and widespread arterial hardening. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Impact of Cross-Limb Stent-Graft Configuration on Hemodynamics in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Interventional Therapy
ConclusionIn the clinical practice of CL deployment, it is crucial to carefully consider the stent-graft configuration and the patient specific to achieve optimal postoperative outcomes. This study provides valuable insights for guiding stent selection and treatment planning in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm undergoing CL techniques, from a hemodynamic perspective. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

On the Material Constitutive Behavior of the Aortic Root in Patients with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
ConclusionsOverall, this study demonstrates the feasibility and potential benefits of using non-invasive imaging techniques and computational modeling to estimate material properties in patients undergoing TAVI. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Virtual Planning and Patient-Specific Graft Design for Aortic Repairs
ConclusionThe results showed that the comprehensive repair outperforms the simple CoA repair and may be more advantageous in the long term in some patients. We demonstrated that the surgical planning and patient-specific flow simulations could potentially affect the selection and outcomes of aorta repairs. (Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology)
Source: Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology - November 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research