Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in first-line metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis [1] . Taxane or platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) have been first-line standard systemic treatment for most patients with metastatic TNBC. Bevacizumab in combination with CT, as maintenance therapy, is widely used in several countries despite lack of clear overall survival (OS) benefit [2,3,4] . Evading immune destruction is one of the hallmarks of cancer and the identification of escape mechanisms of cancer cells has resulted in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - February 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guillermo Villacampa, Pablo Tolosa, Fernando Salvador, Rodrigo S ánchez-Bayona, Lorea Villanueva, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Eva Ciruelos, Tomas Pascual Source Type: research

Treatment-driven tumour heterogeneity and drug resistance: lessons from solid tumours
Despite the advances that cancer therapies have made in recent years [1], primary or secondary treatment resistance to systemic therapies for advanced cancer stages is still a challenge to overcome [2]. While primary resistance is due to the presence of intrinsic mechanisms in tumour cells existing at the beginning of the treatment, secondary resistance occurs in tumours that are initially responsive to therapy and become insensitive during treatment [3]. Heterogeneity is at the basis of tumour evolution and adaptation, which are dynamic, continuous, and modified by treatment exposures, compromising the efficacy of treatme...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stefania Crucitta, Federico Cucchiara, Ron Mathijssen, Joaquin Mateo, Agnes Jager, Arjen Joosse, Antonio Passaro, Ilaria Attili, Iacopo Petrini, Ron van Schaik, Romano Danesi, Marzia Del Re Tags: Anti-tumour Treatment Source Type: research

The association between guideline adherence, age and overall survival among women with non-metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading global cause of cancer-related death for women, with just over 600,000 deaths in 2017[1]. In the UK, BC is the commonest form of female cancer, with just under 55,000 cases recorded each year[2], and is the second most common cause of cancer related death among women[3]. There is an abundance of high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials to guide the treatment of breast cancer[4 –6]. Nonetheless, studies have reported different breast cancer specific survival rates across Europe and America[7–9]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 31, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Katie Miller, Irene A. Kreis, Melissa R. Gannon, Jibby Medina, Karen Clements, Kieran Horgan, David Dodwell, Min Hae Park, David A. Cromwell Source Type: research

The evolving panorama of HER2-targeted treatments in metastatic urothelial cancer: a systematic review and future perspectives
Keys. ADC = antibody drug conjugate; ChT = cytotoxic chemotherapy; HER1-4 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 1-4; mUC = metastatic urothelial cancer; MoAb = monoclonal antibody; P = phosphate group; PD-L1 = programmed death ligand-1; TDM-1 = trastuzumab-emtansine; T-DXd = trastuzumab-deruxtecan; TKI = tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Created with BioRender.com. Color should be used for this figure in print.In this systematic review, 33 clinical trials were selected with respect to HER2-targeting in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 30, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Giorgio Patelli, Annalisa Zeppellini, Francesco Spina, Elena Righetti, Stefano Stabile, Alessio Amatu, Federica Tosi, Silvia Ghezzi, Salvatore Siena, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi Source Type: research

Role and impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment for NSCLC
Over the last decade, the revolution in genomic medicine and immunotherapy has led to a rapid expansion of the therapeutic landscape in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This progress is now slowly starting to reach those with earlier stage NSCLC, including localised stage I –II disease and locally advanced stage III disease. Unlike other early-stage diseases, including breast and colon cancer, the prognosis in NSCLC is poorer and many patients experience relapse. Despite curative-intent therapy, over 20% of patients with stage I NSCLC, 50% with stage II, and a stagge ring 60% with stage IIIA are dead within 5...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 24, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alex Friedlaender, Jarushka Naidoo, Giuseppe Luigi Banna, Giulio Metro, Patrick Forde, Alfredo Addeo Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 21, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: when cytoreduction is the aim. A systematic review and meta-analysis
According to GLOBOCAN 2020, pancreatic cancer is currently the 7th most common fatal cancer worldwide [1]. However, in some regions as Europe and North America, it represents the 4th most common cause of cancer death [2,3]. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for 80% of all pancreatic cancers. [4] It is a neoplasm with poor prognosis, even for early stages. The 5-year relative survival is 41.5% for patients with localized disease, 14.4% for regional disease and 3% for those with metastatic disease [5 –7]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 21, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Monica I. Meneses-Medina, Lorenzo Gervaso, Chiara A. Cella, Stefania Pellicori, Sara Gandini, Maria J. Sousa, Nicola Fazio Source Type: research

Global challenges and policy solutions in breast cancer control
Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in women, worldwide.[1] In 2020, breast cancer became the most diagnosed malignancy overall, surpassing lung cancer for the first time in history. It is also a major cause of death from cancer among women, accounting for 15.5% of cancer-related deaths. Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy with more than 7.7 million women living five years from diagnosis.[2] Data from population-based registries show that the survival at 5 years after a diagnosis of breast cancer exceeds 90% in high-income countries but is considerably lower in many low- and m...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 18, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dario Trapani, Ophira Ginsburg, Temidayo Fadelu, Nancy U. Lin, Michael Hassett, Andre M. Ilbawi, Benjamin O. Anderson, Giuseppe Curigliano Source Type: research

Acknowledgement to Reviewers 2021
The Editors would like to thank the reviewers listed below who do such excellent work for Cancer Treatment Reviews. Without their knowledge, skill and dedication the journal would not achieve the high standard of peer review that we seek to maintain at all times. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 13, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Therapeutic implications of germline vulnerabilities in DNA repair for precision oncology
It is estimated that ∼5-10% of all cancers are due to pathogenic variants (PV) inherited in the germline.[1] For high-risk families, early identification of a cancer-predisposing germline PV is critical, as subsequent genetic counseling can encourage and motivate patients to adhere to risk-reducing interventions.[1] G ermline PVs in DNA repair genes are known to not only increase cancer risk but are also relevant for guiding cancer treatment. DNA repair is crucial for genome stability, with multiple specialized pathways existing in the cell to repair different types of DNA lesions (Figure 1). (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - January 5, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shreya M. Shah, Elena V. Demidova, Randy W. Lesh, Michael J. Hall, Mary B. Daly, Joshua E. Meyer, Martin J. Edelman, Sanjeevani Arora Source Type: research

How Far We Have Come Targeting BRAF-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
BRAF belongs to the RAF family of serine/threonine kinases, which also includes ARAF and CRAF. RAF kinases are key players in the MAPK signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and survival (Figure 1). Almost two decades after the first report on cancer driver mutations in the BRAF kinase domain [1], nearly 300 distinct BRAF mutations have been identified in tumor samples and cancer cell lines from melanoma, colorectal cancer, papillary thyroid cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [2]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - December 31, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fabrizio Tabb ò, Chiara Pisano, Julien Mazieres, Laura Mezquita, Ernest Nadal, David Planchard, Anne Pradines, David Santamaria, Aurélie Swalduz, Chiara Ambrogio, Silvia Novello, Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran, on behalf of the BOLERO Consortium Source Type: research

Clinical development of IDH1 inhibitors for cancer therapy
Since the validation of targeted cancer therapies in the late 1990s, numerous active agents have been developed against a variety of different cancer types. Rituximab and trastuzumab were among the first examples, which proved to be highly effective against B-cell lymphoma and HER2-positive breast cancer, respectively [1,2]. In the last seven years alone, 83 drugs aimed at 56 different targets have been approved by the United States Food& Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies [3]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - December 28, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mehrdad Zarei, Jonathan J. Hue, Omid Hajihassani, Hallie J. Graor, Erryk S. Katayama, Alexander W. Loftus, David Bajor, Luke D. Rothermel, Ali Vaziri-Gohar, Jordan M. Winter Source Type: research

Management of Adverse Events Associated with Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Treatment of advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved in recent years with the introduction of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs [PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors]) [1 –3]. Due to the angiogenic nature of RCC, TKIs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have been a cornerstone of therapy, providing improved disease control and survival with manageable safety profiles [4,5]. RCC is also immunogenic [4], which led to the development of I CIs in RCC as single-agents, in dual ICI combinations, and in combination with TKIs that have i...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - December 23, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bradley McGregor, Amir Mortazavi, Lisa Cordes, Cristina Salabao, Susan Vandlik, Andrea B. Apolo Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - December 22, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Bevacizumab-induced hypertension as a predictor of clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer: an individual patient data-based pooled analysis of two randomized studies and a systematic review of the literature
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent malignancies, representing the second leading overall cause of cancer death [1]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - December 22, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Pasquale Lombardi, Daniele Rossini, Veronica Crespi, Marco Maria Germani, Francesca Bergamo, Filippo Pietrantonio, Daniele Santini, Giacomo Allegrini, Francesca Daniel, Filippo Pagani, Carlotta Antoniotti, Alberto Zaniboni, Veronica Conca, Tiziana Pia Lat Source Type: research