Artificial intelligence for prediction of treatment outcomes in breast cancer: systematic review of design, reporting standards, and bias
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women [1]. Consequently, many governments and pharmaceutical companies have implemented large-scale interventional clinical trials to investigate both new therapeutic strategies and experimental compounds [2]. As a result, current breast cancer guidelines generally rely on evidence from large, randomized phase III clinical trials [2]. However, oncologists are well aware of the pitfalls associated with applying population-based data to individual patients, including challenges in predicting treatment response and prognosis at the individual level when drawing...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 19, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chiara Corti, Marisa Cobanaj, Federica Marian, Edward Christopher Dee, Maxwell R. Lloyd, Sara Marcu, Andra Dombrovschi, Giorgio Pietro Biondetti, Felipe Batalini, Leo A. Celi, Giuseppe Curigliano Source Type: research
Emerging antibody-based therapies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic system that is characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow with immature progenitor cells that replace hematopoiesis [1]. It is a disease with heterogenous morphology, immunophenotypes, genetic aberrations, epigenetic signatures, therapy response and patient outcome [2,3]. First line therapeutic approaches in AML are based on chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) depending on the ability of the patient to tolerate intensive therapy and on the disease-associated risk of induc...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 17, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Linus Angenendt, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Christoph Schliemann Source Type: research
Dietary Influences On Symptomatic And Non-Symptomatic Toxicities During Cancer Treatment: A Narrative Review
There is growing interest in the role that diet may play in affecting clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Specifically, there has been relatively little literature published on the relationship between diet and toxicities/symptoms in cancer patients. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events defines an adverse event, or toxicity, as an unexpected and harmful sign, symptom, or disease that occurs during medical treatment and that could be associated with such treatment. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 12, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alan J. Kim, David S. Hong, Goldy C. George Source Type: research
The gut wall ’s potential as a partner for precision oncology in immune checkpoint treatment
Tumor cells escape destruction by the immune system by exploiting mechanisms that suppress an anticancer immune response. [1] An important mechanism is the activation of immune checkpoints, which are the ‘brakes’ in the immune system that prevent inappropriate cytotoxic T-cell activation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can release these immune brakes and thus trigger a durable anticancer immune response. These medicines have dramatically improved patient outcomes across numerous tumor types. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 7, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sara Hone Lopez, Mathilde Jalving, Rudolf S.N. Fehrmann, Wouter B. Nagengast, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Jacco J. de Haan Source Type: research
Systematic review of the CUP trials characteristics and perspectives for next-generation studies
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) includes a group of heterogeneous malignancies without a detectable anatomical primary tumor despite thorough diagnostic workup [1]. Furthermore, CUP can comprise multiple occult tissues of origin. The median age of CUP patients is 65 years [2,3] . Three decades ago, CUP constituted 3-5% of all malignancies, ranked seventh in frequency, and was the fourth-highest cause of cancer-related death. Currently, CUP comprises 1-2% of all malignancies, likely due to radiological and molecular diagnostic advancements [3]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 6, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Elie Rassy, Chris Labaki, Roy Chebel, Stergios Boussios, Julie Smith Gagen, F. Anthony Greco, Nicholas Pavlidis Source Type: research
The Paradigm Shift in Treatment from Covid-19 to Oncology with mRNA Vaccines
Vaccinations play a vital role in reducing disease, disability, and mortality from a variety of infectious diseases [1]. The use of conventional vaccines such as live attenuated vaccines, inactivated pathogens, subunit vaccines or toxoid vaccines provides durable efficacy against various infectious diseases [2]. Nucleic acid vaccines mainly, plasmid DNA(pDNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA), came to existence in 1900s due to their innate ability to stimulate inoculation with live organism-based vaccines, notably for cell-mediated immune stimulation[3]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - May 4, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jiao Wei, Ai-Min Hui Source Type: research
GCIG-Consensus Guideline for Long-term survivorship in Gynecologic Cancer: a position paper from the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) symptom benefit committee
The incidence of gynecological cancers is rising due to the increasing age of the population and environmental factors, with 14 million new cancer diagnoses each year. However, due to improved screening methods and treatment strategies, the number of long-term gynecologic cancer survivors is also increasing. A large number of patients with endometrial, vulvar and cervical cancer are cured with treatment and a third of patients with ovarian cancers become long-term survivors [1]. Recommendations for cancer survivorship care have been published stressing the need for survivorship care planning and coordination between specia...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 30, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: H. Woopen, J. Sehouli, A. Davis, Y.C. Lee, P.A. Cohen, A. Ferrero, N. Gleeson, A. Jhingran, Y. Kajimoto, J. Mayadev, M.P. Barretina-Ginesta, S. Sundar, N. Suzuki, E. van Dorst, F. Joly Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 29, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Combining Antibody-drug Conjugates with Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives
In the last few decades, the development of a multiplicity of innovative anticancer agents promoted great improvements in the outcome of cancer patients[1]. Among these, stands out the role of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), designed to selectively deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents to target cancer cells, thus improving efficacy and limiting toxicities. ADCs are composed of three main components: an antibody, a linker, and a payload. Their mechanism of action can be summarized as follows: upon the binding of the antibody (Ab) to the antigen expressed on the surface of target cell, the ADC is internalized and processe...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 16, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eleonora Nicol ò, Federica Giugliano, Liliana Ascione, Paolo Tarantino, Chiara Corti, Sara M. Tolaney, Massimo Cristofanilli, Giuseppe Curigliano Source Type: research
A comprehensive review on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Chemotherapy, the most commonly used anticancer treatment, has proven benefits over many decades. However, benefits are limited by a relatively narrow therapeutic index and non-selective mechanism of action leading to systemic toxicity. The evolution of targeted therapy in cancers treatment has resulted in a significant survival improvement. Immunotherapy-based strategies including monoclonal antibodies significantly improved mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1]. However, the majority of patients will develop acquired resistance to either targeted therapy or immunotherapy, necessitating alterna...
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 13, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Abuhelwa Ziad, Alloghbi Abdurahman, Nagasaka Misako Source Type: research
The use of immunotherapy in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancer worldwide and is responsible for the greatest burden in terms of cancer-related deaths [1]. Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, it has been estimated that 47% of lung cancer diagnoses performed before 2003 in the U.S. occurred in patients aged 70 or above, with 14% of the cases diagnosed in patients aged 80 years and older (i.e., “oldest old” patients) [2], while as of 2018 more than 35% of new lung cancer cases were done in subjects aged more than 75 [3]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 12, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Marco Tagliamento, Maxime Frelaut, Capucine Baldini, Marie Naigeon, Alessio Nencioni, Nathalie Chaput, Benjamin Besse Source Type: research
Oncolytic Viruses: a new immunotherapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment?
Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology treatment[1]. During the last decade, the breakthrough of immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment leading to unprecedented survival prolongations also for tumors resistant to more traditional anti-cancer strategies. Grounded on the notion that tumor and its microenvironment are associated with immunosuppression, several therapeutic approaches to boost and deploy the immune system against cancer cells have been investigated. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 7, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Juan Miguel Cejalvo, Claudette Falato, Lorea Villanueva, Pablo Tolosa, Xavier Gonz ález, Mariona Pascal, Jordi Canes, Joaquín Gavilá, Luis Manso, Tomás Pascual, Aleix Prat, Fernando Salvador Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Integration of immunotherapy into treatment of cervical cancer: Recent data and ongoing trials
Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable, yet remains a significant global health burden. In 2020, it was the fourth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women [1]. The burden of disease is disproportionally felt by low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with highest incidence and mortality rates occurring in Africa, Melanesia, South America, South East Asia, and South Central Asia (age-standardized rate per 100,000: incidence, 15.3-40.1; mortality, 7.8-28.6) [1]. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - April 1, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bradley J. Monk, Takayuki Enomoto, W. Martin Kast, Mary McCormack, David S. P. Tan, Xiaohua Wu, Antonio Gonz ález-Martín Source Type: research
Validity and utility of HER2/ERBB2 copy number variation assessed in liquid biopsies from breast cancer patients: a systematic review
With upcoming new treatment modalities for HER2-amplified breast cancer, the stratification of patients who will benefit from such agents is increasingly important. The promising antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab-deruxtecan, which received accelerated FDA-approval in metastatic breast cancer based on the DESTINY-Breast01 trial, is an example of a novel effective HER2-targeted agent [1]. According to current ASCO-CAP guidelines HER2 is assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), complemented by (fluorescence) in situ hybridization (ISH) in case of equivocal (2+) results. (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - March 28, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Noortje Verschoor, Teoman Deger, Agnes Jager, Stefan Sleijfer, Saskia M. Wilting, John W.M. Martens Source Type: research
