Comparison of the effectiveness of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and chemotherapy alone in advanced biliary tract cancer and construction of the nomogram for survival prediction based on the inflammatory index and controlling nutritional status score
ConclusionPatients with advanced BTC benefit more from first-line treatment with standard chemotherapy in combination with ICIs than with chemotherapy alone. In addition, nomograms based on inflammatory metrics and CONUT scores can be used to predict survival at 12, 18, and 24 months in patients with advanced BTC treated with ICIs. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - September 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
PD-L1-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce tumor immunosuppression and contribute to poor clinical outcome in esophageal cancer
AbstractThe programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis plays a crucial role in tumor immunosuppression, while the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have various tumor-promoting functions. To determine the advantage of immunotherapy, the relationship between the cancer cells and the CAFs was evaluated in terms of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Overall, 140 cases of esophageal cancer underwent an immunohistochemical analysis of the PD-L1 expression and its association with the expression of the α smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein, CD8, and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) positive c...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - September 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Leptin-mediated meta-inflammation may provide survival benefit in patients receiving maintenance immunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)
ConclusionsAdipokines can play a crucial role to determining effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapy. The role of metabolic immune dysfunctions needs further pre-clinical validation and is currently investigated in the larger prospective cohort. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - September 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Combination therapy with dendritic cell loaded-exosomes supplemented with PD-1 inhibition at different time points have superior antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma
In conclusion, our results indicate that the combination of DC-TEX and PD-1 Ab signifi cantly inhibits tumor growth in a murine HCC model and that the timing of PD-1 Ab administration impacts the antitumor effect. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - September 4, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Radiation-associated secondary malignancies: a novel opportunity for applying immunotherapies
AbstractRadiation is commonly used as a treatment intended to cure or palliate cancer patients. Despite remarkable advances in the precision of radiotherapy delivery, even the most advanced forms inevitably expose some healthy tissues surrounding the target site to radiation. On rare occasions, this results in the development of radiation-associated secondary malignancies (RASM). RASM are typically high-grade and carry a poorer prognosis than their non-radiated counterparts. RASM are characterized by a high mutation burden, increased T cell infiltration, and a microenvironment that bears unique inflammatory signatures of p...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - September 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Real-world effectiveness of pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma: the ARON-2 study
ConclusionsOur data confirm the role of pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for cisplatin-unfit patients. Further studies investigating the biological and immunological characteristics of UC patients are warranted in order to optimize the outcome of patients receiving immunotherapy in this setting. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib and Gemox chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter real-world study
ConclusionPD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib and Gemox chemotherapy represent an effective and tolerable regimen for advanced ICC in a multicenter retrospective real-world study. TBS, TNM stage, and PD-L1 expression can be used as potential prognostic factors for OS and PFS. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Characterization of human Fc alpha receptor transgenic mice: comparison of CD89 expression and antibody-dependent tumor killing between mouse strains
In this study, we describe previously unknown characteristics of this model, such as the integration site of theFCAR gene, the CD89 expression pattern in healthy male and female mice and in tumor-bearing mice, expression of myeloid activation markers and Fc γRs and IgA/CD89-mediated tumor killing capacity. In all mouse strains, CD89 expression is highest in neutrophils, intermediate on other myeloid cells such as eosinophils and DC subsets and inducible on, among others, monocytes, macrophages and Kupffer cells. CD89 expression levels are highest in B ALB/c and SCID, lower in C57BL/6 and lowest in NXG mice. Additionally, ...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Multivalent adaptor proteins specifically target NK cells carrying a universal chimeric antigen receptor to ErbB2 (HER2)-expressing cancers
AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune effector cells constitute a promising approach for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Nevertheless, on-target/off-tumor toxicity and immune escape due to antigen loss represent considerable challenges. These may be overcome by adaptor CARs that are selectively triggered by bispecific molecules that crosslink the CAR with a tumor-associated surface antigen. Here, we generated NK cells carrying a first- or second-generation universal CAR (UniCAR) and redirected them to tumor cells with so-called target modules (TMs) which harbor an ErbB2 (HER2)-specific antibody domain fo...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Tumor immunology meets oncology (TIMO) XVI, July 07 –09 2022 in Halle/Saale, Germany
AbstractDuring the TIMO meeting 2022, national and international scientists as well as clinicians gave novel insights as well as perspectives into basic and translational tumor immunology. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The TSP1-CD47-SIRP α interactome: an immune triangle for the checkpoint era
AbstractThe use of treatments, such as programmed death protein 1 (PD1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, that loosen the natural checks upon immune cell activity to enhance cancer killing have shifted clinical practice and outcomes for the better. Accordingly, the number of antibodies and engineered proteins that interact with the ligand –receptor components of immune checkpoints continue to increase along with their use. It is tempting to view these molecular pathways simply from an immune inhibitory perspective. But this should be resisted. Checkpoint molecules can have other cardinal...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
IL-36 α inhibits melanoma by inducing pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages
In this study, it was demonstrated that IL-36α could activate the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages, leading to the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5 and iNOS. Importantly, IL-36α has significant antitumor effects, altering the tumor microenvironment and promoting the infiltration of MHC IIhigh macrophages and CD8+ T cells while decreasing the levels of monocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells. This ultimately results in the inhibition of tumor growth and migration. Furthermore, IL-36 α synergized with the PD-L1 antibody increased the imm...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
A Novel bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting CD22 and CD3 has both in vitro and in vivo activity and synergizes with blinatumomab in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) tumor model
In conclusion, we report here the development of a new BiTE with cytotoxic activity against CD22+ cells which could represent an alternate or complementary therapeutic option for B-cell malignancies. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Engineered soluble, trimerized 4-1BBL variants as potent immunomodulatory agents
AbstractTargeting co-stimulatory receptors promotes the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), is a potent co-stimulatory receptor that plays a prominent role in augmenting effector functions of CD8+ T cells, but also CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Agonistic antibodies against 4-1BB have entered clinical trials and shown signs of therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have used a T cell reporter system to evaluate various formats of 4-1BBL regarding their capacity to functionally engage its receptor. We found that a secret...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Murine regulatory T cells utilize granzyme B to promote tumor metastasis
In this study, we utilized Treg-specific GzmB knockout (Foxp3creGzmBfl/fl) mice to test whether Treg-derived GzmB can aid in tumor progression and metastasis. Using an IL-2 complex to activate GzmB expression in the non-immunogenic B16-F10 tumor model, we provide evidence to show that GzmB produced by Tregs is important for spontaneous metastasis to the lungs. In addition, we depleted CD8 + T cells to selectively measure the impact of Treg-derived GzmB in an experimental lung metastasis model by intravenous injection of B16-F10 tumor cells; our results demonstrate that Treg-derived GzmB plays an important role in incr...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - August 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
