Interpretation and application of bat diversity and phylogeny
We describe these and taxonomic attempts to honour his contributions to the study of bat species diversity. Brock has supported hundreds of students and colleagues with his endless enthusiasm and generosity and inspired them with his ongoing research on bats. (Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology)
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - December 3, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Elizabeth L. Clare Burton K. Lim Source Type: research
Interindividual communication by bats via echolocation
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. The majority of over 1400 species of bats produce echolocation calls of diverse designs as a means of obtaining information about their surroundings, including the presence of prey. These calls also have the potential to contain information about the caller that can be used by other bats. We review the evidence for information transfer from echolocating bats to intended or unintended conspecifics and heterospecifics. Analysis of call structure and playback experiments on over 50 species in 11 families demonstrate that information regarding the species, population, sex, age, size...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Robert M.R. Barclay David S. Jacobs Source Type: research
Allometry and sexual dimorphism in three giant whip spider species (Amblypygi, Phrynidae, Heterophrynus)
This study examines the difference in allometric rates as a potential cause of dimorphism in pedipalps and walking legs in three Heterophrynus species: Heterophrynus batesii (Butler, 1873); Heterophrynus longicornis (Butler, 1873), and Heterophrynus elaphus (Pocock, 1903). Dimorphism is observed in all studied appendages, but higher allometric rates are shown in males more than females for only the pedipalps (for all three species) and the first walking legs (for only H. elaphus), with higher dimorphism in the pedipalp for H. batesii and lower in H. elaphus. Dimorphism in pedipalps appears to be linked to species' mating s...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: F. R éveillion L.S. Carvalho S. Montuire M. Galipaud L. Bollache Source Type: research
Climatic conditions limit wolverine distribution in the Cascade Range of southwestern North America
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. Recolonization of the Cascade Range in southern British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA, by wolverines (Gulo gulo (L., 1758)) is an ongoing process whose ultimate outcome is unknown. A reliable species distribution model for the wolverine in the Cascades (i.e., their first-order habitat selection) is urgently needed to help inform management and conservation strategies. Using Argos location data obtained on 10 resident adult wolverines (six females, four males) from 2008 to 2016, we generated a multi-covariate species distribution model for the wolverine in the Cascades. O...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 17, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Keith B. Aubry Catherine M. Raley Andrew J. Shirk Kevin S. McKelvey Jeffrey P. Copeland Source Type: research
Metabolic rate and osmoregulation in desert spring amphipods
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. Desert springs contain many endemic taxa and are of conservation concern due to anthropogenic activities that are expected to increase environmental salinity. Understanding the nature of osmoregulation is necessary to predict how non-vagile aquatic organisms will respond to changes. In the Chihuahuan Desert, the amphipod genus Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 is composed of two lineages. These lineages have species that currently inhabit springs ranging from 0.4 to 7.8 parts per thousand (ppt). All Gammarus in this region are of conservation concern because each is endemic to a single...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 15, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: McKenna P.A. Burns Paul J. Schaeffer David J. Berg Source Type: research
Blown with the wind — the role of wind in passive dispersion of two land snails: Vertigo moulinsiana and Vertigo antivertigo
In this study, we tested the role of the wind in passive dispersal modes of two species of land snails: Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) and Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801). We conducted experiments under controlled, laboratory conditions, exposing both active and inactive adult snails attached to the leaves of sedges to wind. The results presented herein prove that the wind force had a significant impact on the studied species, successfully detaching both active and inactive individuals from leaves. During the 30 min treatment, gusts detached over 20% of all individuals of the studied species. However, individuals...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 10, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Milena Roszkowska Zofia Ksi ążkiewicz Source Type: research
New species and new distributional records of the hygropetric water scavenger beetle genus Ephydrolithus Gir ón & Short (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Brazilian Shield
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. The water scavenger beetle Ephydrolithus Gir ón and Short, 2019 contains five species, all occurring in the southeastern region of Brazil. In this paper, 5 new species are described from the Brazilian Shield, bringing the number of species in the genus to 10: Ephydrolithus bentoi sp. nov., Ephydrolithus cipo sp. nov., Ephydrolithus m ucugensis sp. nov., Ephydrolithus serro sp. nov., and Ephydrolithus vivas sp. nov. New geographical records in the Brazilian Shield are provided for Ephydrolithus hamadae Girón and Short, 2019, Ephydrolithus spiculatus Girón and Short, 2019,...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - November 8, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Janderson Batista R. Alencar Myllena Bastos Serra Andrew Edward Z. Short Neusa Hamada Source Type: research
Evaluating cardiac oxygen limitation as a mechanism for female-biased mortality in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
This study found no clear support for a cardiac oxygen limitatio n underlying elevated female mortality in Pacific salmon. Neither, however, does our study design nor specific findings allow us to rule out cardiac limitations in these fish. Future work should address whether potential oxygen limitations to the spongy myocardium at high temperatures or oxygen limi tations to the compact myocardium via coronary blood flow contribute to female-biased mortality earlier on the migratory route. (Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology)
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: A.G. Little T.S. Prystay E.A. Hardison T. Dressler K Kraskura S.J. Cooke D.A. Patterson S.G. Hinch E.J. Eliason Source Type: research
Five months under ice: biologging reveals behaviour patterns of overwintering freshwater turtles
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. Winter in temperate regions is characteristically the coldest period of the year. Species in these regions adapt to freezing temperatures with physiological or behavioural mechanisms to mitigate the threats of cold exposure. For aquatic species, taking refuge under the ice minimizes the risk of experiencing freeze injury. The northern map turtle (Graptemys geographica (LeSueur, 1817)) is one species that overwinters under the ice of lakes and rivers. Here, we observed the behaviour of free-ranging map turtles at a known overwintering site throughout an entire winter using biolog...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Jessica A. Robichaud Gr égory Bulté Heath A. MacMillan Steven J. Cooke Source Type: research
Effect of variable retention forestry on wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in early successional boreal mixedwood forests
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. Variable retention forest harvesting aims to reduce negative effects of harvesting on forest biodiversity, but knowledge gaps remain regarding its effects on some taxa over longer post-harvest time frames. To better understand effects of variable retention and environmental features on amphibians, we used pitfall traps to capture wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825)) across four levels of retention (clearcut (0%), 20%, 50%, and unharvested control (100%)), and two forest types (deciduous and coniferous), in 17-year post-harvest forests in northwest Alberta. We mappe...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Matthew Robinson Scott E. Nielsen Brian Eaton Cynthia Paszkowski Source Type: research
Assessment of behavioral energetics model on Puma concolor using doubly labeled water
This study looks at one movement model estimation and validates it using doubly labeled water (DLW), which can also account for energy expenditures beyond those associated with activity. We captured six pumas (51.5 ± 9.9 (SD) kg) during the winter in Colorado that were GPS collared and injected with DLW for an approximately 3-week trial. We found that DEE obtained from the DLW (14.5 ± 6.1 MJ·day−1) did not differ from that estimated using the movement model or from the predicted allometric equatio n based on DLW studies on other mammals. Decreasing air temperature and increasing daily distance movement were co...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Gonzalo Barcel ó Jonathan N. Pauli Mathew Alldredge William H. Karasov Source Type: research
Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) movements and habitat use predict human-caused mortality across temporal scales
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. While the location of wildlife mortalities provides some insight on the cause of death, identifying the risk factors associated with mortality events and in which cases these factors result in death requires information on individual behaviour prior to death. With access to a long-term database of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L., 1758) GPS locations, we investigated how behaviour differed between individuals that died of anthropogenic causes and those that survived across different temporal scales. We analyzed movement (diurnality and daily displacement) and habitat use (modelled ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 4, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Bethany Parsons Abbey E. Wilson Karen Graham Gordon B. Stenhouse Source Type: research
Was the San Quint ín kangaroo rat really rediscovered?
This study comprises a morphometric and molecular confirmation of the presence of the species after>25 years of failures to find it. (Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology)
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 29, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Jorge Andrade-S ánchez Maria Clara Arteaga Eric Mellink Source Type: research
Habitat suitability or female availability? What influences males ’ home-range size in a neotropical montane lizard?
In this study, we evaluated factors shaping the use of space by the lizard Tropidurus montanus M.T. Rodrigues, 1987 and assessed how the distribution of resources can affect the size of the home range and how the quality of the male's home range can influence the number of associated females. We hypothesized that (i) males with a larger body size would have a higher-quality home range, and (ii) there would be a positive relationship between the home-range size and home-range quality of males and the number of associated females. Our results suggest that males, f emales, and juveniles adopt different strategies. While fem...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Stef ânia Ventura Amadeus Vaclav Luan Pinheiro Daniel Passos Gustavo de Paulo Jorge Batista Jorge Luis Pinto Conrado Galdino Source Type: research
Demographic and functional responses of kit foxes to changes in prey abundance
Canadian Journal of Zoology, Ahead of Print. Many carnivores exhibit demographic and functional responses to changes in prey abundance. Demographic responses often include changes in population size, litter size, and recruitment of young into the adult population. Functional feeding responses are commonly reported for many carnivore species. We investigated demographic and functional responses of kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888) to changes in prey abundance during 2010 –2013 in western Utah, USA. Between 2010 and 2013, litter size averaged 3.9 (±1.4) pups/litter. Survival rates of kit fox pups were 0.07, 0.01, ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 28, 2022 Category: Zoology Authors: Ashley E. Hodge Eric M. Gese Bryan M. Kluever Source Type: research
