Biogenesis of Mitochondria in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Acute Leukemia
In patients with acute leukemia, not only normal hematopoiesis, but also bone marrow stromal microenvironment is damaged. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are essential for the formation and function of the stromal microenvironment. Analysis of changes in MSC is important for the development of new approaches to leukemia therapy. The metabolism of mitochondria in MSC, relative content of mitochondrial DNA, and expression levels of genes encoding PGC-1 α and Nrf2 proteins, important regulators of biogenesis, were studied using real-time PCR. Relative content of mitochondrial DNA does not change in MSC of acute l...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Lactoferrin Has a Protective Effect on Mouse Brain Cells after Acute Gamma Irradiation of the Head
We studied the effect of human lactoferrin on cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of 2-2.5-month-old male C57BL/6 mice after acute gamma irradiation of the head in a dose of 8 Gy from a60Co source. Immediately after irradiation some animals received an intraperitoneal injection of human lactoferrin (4 mg/mouse). The appearance of TUNEL+ cells in the subgranular zone 6 h after irradiation was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the number of Ki-67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells. Administration of lactoferrin had a protective effect on mouse brain cells, which manifested in a decrease in the number of TUNEL+ cells (...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

DNIC is a Structure Providing Specificity of Physiological Effects of NO
Metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) donors: dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), nitrosothiols (RSNO), and nitroprusside was studied on a chick embryo model. The obtained results give reason to assume that DNIC constituting the main pool of nitroso compounds in the vast majority of tissues are NO donors immediately interacting with the physiological target of NO, and other NO donors can perform this function after their transformation into DNIC. NO is released from DNIC not spontaneously, but under a joint influence of a factor destroying the complex and a target having chemical affinity for NO. A similar mechanism is apparently ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Xenon-Induced Recovery of Functional Activity of Pulmonary Surfactant (In Silico Study)
To understand the nature of xenon-induced recovery of the functional activity of pulmonary surfactant during inhalation of a gas mixture of Xe/O2, the mechanisms of the ongoing processes were studiedin silico. Impaired ability of pulmonary surfactant to maintain low surface tension preventing alveolar atelectasis occurs due to formation of aggregates of its phospholipids and a decrease in their lateral mobility. Aggregated lipid systems, whose structure can explain the loss of lateral mobility of surfactant phospholipids, were modeledin silico at the molecular level. Changes in the Gibbs energy and enthalpy in the reaction...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Ex Vivo Production of IL-1 β and IL-10 by Activated Blood Cells of Wistar Rats with Different Resistance to Hypoxia after Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
We studied spontaneous andex vivo activated cytokine production by blood cells of male Wistar rats with different resistance to hypoxia against the background of an LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response. In rats with low (LR) and high resistance (HR) to hypoxia, the number of leukocytes, granulocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined, the levels of spontaneous and stimulated production of IL-1 β and IL-10 and their ratio were assessedex vivo. Against the background of a systemic inflammatory response, only HR animals showed a decrease in spontaneous and stimulated production of IL-1 β and spontaneous ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Screening of Peptides that Specifically Binds to M3-M4 Extracellular Domain of Sodium Pump α1 Subunit and Analysis of Their Bioactivity In Vitro and In Vivo
This study aimed to find an oligopeptide that would antagonize the inhibitory effect of endogenous OUA on Na+/K+-pump and examine its activity at the cellular and organism levels. To this end, Phage Random 12 Peptide Library was employed to screen for specific polypeptide ligands that interact with M3-M4 extracellular domain of Na+/K+-pump α1 subunit known as OUA-binding site. Synthetic sequence ILEYTWLEAGGGS of extracellular domain M3-M4 of Na+/K+-pump α1 subunit was used as the target. The phage positive clones were screened and identified using the phage library and double sandwich ELISA. DNA was extracted and sequenc...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Preclinical Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of a New Russian Radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTA-PSMA
The therapeutic efficacy of a Russian radiopharmaceutical177Lu-DOTA-PSMA was studiedin vivo using male BALB/c nu/nu (nude) mice with prostate carcinoma 22Rv1 xenografts by tumor growth inhibition criterion. The mean tumor volumes in mice treated with177Lu-DOTA-PSMA were significantly lower than in animals of the control group. There were no significant differences in the values of tumor growth inhibition between the groups of animals receiving 3.7 or 7.4 MBq of177Lu-DOTA-PSMA. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Expression of GAD65/67 and VGLUT2 in Mediobasal Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging
The expression of glutamate decarboxylase GAD65/67, an enzyme of GABA synthesis, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus of young (3 months), adult (12 months), and old male rats (24 months) was studied by Western blotting. In old rats, an increase in the expression of GAD65/67 in the arcuate and dorsomedial, VGLUT2 in the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei was observed. Thus, an increase in opposite processes of inhibition and excitation is observed in the hypothalamic nuclei during aging. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 9, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Effect of Polyphenolic Composition BP-C2 on Lung Carcinogenesis Induced by Urethane in Progeny of Irradiated Male BALB/c Mice
We studied the effects of polyphenolic composition BP-C2, comprising molybdenum with lignin derivatives, on lung carcinogenesis induced by urethane in the progeny of F0 male BALB/c mice preconceptionally exposed to radiation in a dose of 1 Gy. The multiplicity of lung tumors in the progeny of irradiated mice was higher than in the progeny of non-irradiated male parents by 50% in females and 43% in males (p<0.05). In F1 mice (progeny of irradiated F0 male parents treated with BP-C2), the multiplicity of lung tumors was also higher, but this increase was less pronounced: 35% in females (p=0.3852) and 23% in males (p=0.076...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Intensity of Blood Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Chronically Exposed Individuals with Obligate Forms of Precancerous Conditions
We studied the apoptotic death of peripheral blood lymphocytes in individuals chronically exposed to radiation with a history of obligate forms of precancerous conditions. The study included 242 subjects chronically exposed to low-intensity radiation in the range of low and medium doses (mean dose of irradiation of the red bone marrow 555 ±39 mGy). Of these, 121 subjects had obligate forms of precancerous conditions. In irradiated individuals with obligate forms of precancers, a statistically significant increase in the frequency of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes at an early and late stages was revealed. Correl...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of a Polyphenolic Complex from Maackia amurensis
We studied the ability of the polyphenolic complex fromMaackia amurensis, the active substance of Maksar, to inhibit the cytopathogenic effect induced by the SARS-CoV-2 and to reduce the concentration of viral RNA in infected Vero E6 cells. Polyphenolic complex showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and effectively inhibited viral replication by direct action on viral particles and the early stage of viral infection. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Features of α2-Adrenergic Regulation of Isolated Rat Heart after Hypokinesia
We studied the effect of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine hydrochloride (10—9-10—6 M) on the isolated heart of adult rats after 30-day restriction of motor activity. In hypokinetic rats, in comparison with control animals, clonidine caused a positive inotropic effect; the dynamics of coronary flow was changed after stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors by clonidine in the minimum and maximum concentrations. Moreover, clonidine in concentrations of 10—8 and 10—7 M reduced coronary flow both in the control group and against the background of hypokinesia. Clonidine (10—8-10—6 M) had a negative chron...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Oxidative Stress, Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Spermatogenesis Disorders (Review of Scientific Activity)
The paper systematizes the available data on the study of oxidative stress, the relative length of telomeres, and telomerase activity in male infertility and disorders of spermatogenesis. The study of telomeres, the structures that protect chromosome ends and genome integrity, is of interest for researchers in various fields, from cell biology and epidemiology to ecology and evolutionary biology. The review includes our own data on the study of the relative length of telomeres, oxidative stress, and telomerase activity and reflects modern ideas about the importance of these structures both in the maintenance of genome stab...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Effect of Vitamin D3 on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in High-Glucose Conditions
NETosis,i.e., the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and neutrophil autophagy are important elements in the pathogenesis and the development of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the search of drugs that can regulate the level of NETosis and autophagy in T2DM is relevant. Here we studied anex vivo NET formation and neutrophil death in whole blood from healthy subjects upon the addition of glucose up to a high concentration of 15 mM or/and the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate). Their individual and combined action caused neutrophil death and an increase in NET cont...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Positive Neuroprotective Effect of Argon Inhalation after Photochemically Induced Ischemic Stroke Model in Rats
We studied the effect of 2-h inhalation of argon-oxygen mixture (Ar 70%/O2 30%) after photochemically induced stroke and on days 2 and 3 after stroke modeling on the severity of neurological deficit and brain damage (by MRI data) in Wistar rats. Neurological deficit was assessed within 14 days using the limb placement test. MRI and histological study of the brain with an assessment of the size of damage were performed on day 14 after ischemia. Significant differences were obtained in limb placement scores on days 3, 7, and 14, as well as in the volume of ischemic focus by MRI in comparison with the control (ischemia+N2 70%...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - January 8, 2024 Category: Biology Source Type: research