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The Role of Intracellular Signaling Molecules in Macrophage Activation by Peat Humic Acids
Humic acids isolated by sodium pyrophosphate extraction from various types of peat activate macrophages in the classical proinflammatory pathway and stimulate nitric oxide production by these cells. This effect is mediated by activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving MAPK p38, PI3K, MEK 1/2 kinase, cAMP, and NF- κB via TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptors. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Oxygen Level Modifies the Expression of Genes Involved in the Epigenetic Regulation of Multipotent Stromal Cells In Vitro
Changes in the transcriptional activity of genes involved in the epigenetic regulation of adipose tissue multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells were analyzedin vitro at different O2 levels. DNA microarray study showed that the most pronounced changes in gene expression, including genes responsible for the epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal stromal cells, occurred at 3% O2. A lower number of genes changed the expression at 1% O2, and a minimum response was observed at 5% O2 in comparison with standard culturing conditions (20% O2). The greatest number of differentially expressed genes were genes responsible for the regulat...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Neurotoxic Effect of β-Amyloid Is Accompanied by Changes in the Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy in Neurons and Brain Endothelial Cells in the Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
A comparative assessment of the expression of the mitochondrial fission marker Drp1 and the autophagy marker LC3 in neurons and endothelial cells in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex during progression of cognitive deficit was performed in animals with intrahippocampal administration of β-amyloid. In both brain regions, the expression of Drp1 and LC3 in neuronal and endothelial cells was enhanced. The peak of cognitive impairment corresponded to the maximum expression of Drp1 and LC3 in hippocampal neurons and was preceded by an increase in the number of Drp1+ and LC3+ endothelial cells in this brain region. These dat...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Association of BARD1 and BRIP1 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Uveal Melanoma
Considering the limited information about the role of hereditary predisposition to the development of uveal melanoma, we have performed an analysis of the frequencies ofBARD1 (rs1048108,rs2229571,rs2070094) andBRIP1 (rs4986764) gene polymorphisms in patients with uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus in comparison with healthy volunteers (control). It has been found that the minor alleles ofBRIP1 rs4986764 andBARD1 rs2070094 polymorphisms, as well as the homozygosity ofT allele at theBARD1 rs1048108 locus are common genetic markers for the predisposition to uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus, while the homozygou...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Comparative Assessment of Disturbances of Contractions of the Isolated Uterus in 3- and 9-Month-Old Rats with a Model of Autism
We performed a comparative study of the effects of carbachol, α,β-methylene-ATP, β,γ-methylene-ATP, and electric field stimulation on the contractile activity of the isolated uterus from rats aged 3 and 9 months with valproic model of autism. The contractile responses of isolated rat uterine preparations induced by P2X-receptor agonists α,β-methylene-ATP and β,γ-methylene-ATP were significantly lower than in the control. In addition, the contractions of the isolated uterus of 9-month-old rats induced by carbachol were significantly lower than in controls. No significant differences in uterine smooth muscle contract...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Length of Leukocyte Telomeres in Newborns of HIV-Infected Mothers
We studied the relative length of telomeres in newborns with unrealized perinatal transmission of HIV (zero viral load according to PCR results). A cross-sectional survey of 62 newborns of HIV-infected mothers (Apgar score 8); the control group consisted of 80 healthy newborns (Apgar score 8). DNA extracted from whole venous blood samples was analyzed. In newborns of HIV-infected mothers, the relative length of telomeres was significantly lower (0.69 (0.66; 0.72)) than in newborns of the control group (1.1 (0.97; 1.22)) (p<0.001). No significant differences in the relative length of telomeres were found between newborns...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 21, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Changes in Macrophage Subpopulations in Rat Liver at Different Stages of Experimental Fibrosis
The number, phenotypic composition, and functional properties of macrophages in the liver of Wistar rats change depending on the stages of fibrosis induced by thioacetamide. In the sinusoidal capillaries of the liver of control rats, CD68+ wing-shaped cells were mainly detected. The number of CD68+ cells at the stages of fibrosis before the process of its transformation into cirrhosis was 2-fold higher (p=0.0000) than in the control. At later terms of the experiment, no significant differences were found. Immunohistochemical method revealed two morphologically different groups of CD68+ cells differing in shape and localiza...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 21, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Identification of Chimeric NTRK3 Genes in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells by Analyzing the Imbalance of the Expression of 5 ’ and 3’ mRNA Fragments
The standard for detecting chimeric genes of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinases (NTRK) is next generation sequencing (NGS). However, this analysis is expensive and takes several days. As a rapid screening method for the detection of NTRK3-dependent papillary thyroid cancer, an analysis of the expression imbalance between 5 ’ and 3’NTRK3 mRNA fragments was used (5 ’/3’ RT-PCR). The reference method for detection ofNTRK3 rearrangements was fluorescentin situ hybridization (FISH), and the most frequent rearrangements in papillary thyroid cancer were tested using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Using 5 ’/3’...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 21, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Long-Term Effect of Moderate Hypoxia and Chronic Administration of Fluoxetine during the Neonatal Period on Cognitive and Stress-Hormonal Functions in Adult Male Rats
We studied the effect of moderate neonatal normobaric hypoxia on the indicators of spatial learning, memory, and reactivity of the hypothalamic —pituitary—adrenocortical system in adult male Wistar rats. The pharmacological effect of chronic injections of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine during the neonatal period on the studied behavioral and the physiological indices was evaluated. Hypoxia impaired spatial training, increas ed the short-term memory performance, but did not change long-term memory and stress indicator in response to its testing. The use of fluoxetine normalized learning, but did not change ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 20, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Anti-Influenza Activity of Cetraria islandica Lichen Extracts in In Vitro Experiments
The toxicity and antiviral activity of extracts obtained by the methods of aqueous and ethanol extraction of bioactive substances fromCetraria islandica lichen as a raw material were studied. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of lichen were characterized by low toxicity with respect to the passaged MDCK cell culture and exhibited antiviral activity. The ethanol extract showed more potentin vitro antiviral activity against human A/H3N2 and avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses: in a concentration of 50 μg/ml, it suppressed replication of these viruses by 3.5 and 4 log10, respectively, while the aqueous extract inhibited replication of...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Effect of Inactivating Heterozygous Mutation in NBS1 Gene on DNA Damage and Repair Markers and Apoptosis Markers in Mice
We studied the state of the DNA repair system and apoptosis in young mice carrying heterozygous inactivating mutation in theNBS1 gene (c.1971insT,p.Arg658Stop). In the peripheral blood cells of 4-month-oldNBS1insT males, the %DNA in the comet tail was higher by 10% than in wild-type mice (wt) (p<0.05). In hepatocytes ofNBS1insT mice, the proportion of γH2AX+ nuclear regions marking DNA double-strand breaks was lower by 2 times than in wt mice (p<0.05), which can be an indicator of less efficient DNA repair. In the kidney tissue ofNBS1insT mice, a tendency towards the proapoptotic ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein marke...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Search for Single-Domain Antibodies Interacting with the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Protein
We performed a search for nanoantibodies that specifically interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 surface protein. The specificity of single-domain antibodies from the blood sera of a llama immunized with RBD of SARS-CoV-2 surface protein S (variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha)) was analyzed by ELISA. Recombinant trimers of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were used as antigens. In this work, a set of single-domain antibodies was obtained that specifically bind to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Antiplatelet Action of Chloramine Derivatives of Adenosine Phosphates and Their Chemical Activity in Relation to Sulfur-Containing Compounds
We studied the properties of N6-chloroadenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP chloramines) as compounds with potentially increased antiplatelet efficacy determined by their binding to the plasma membrane of platelets. Chloramine derivatives of ATP, ADP, and AMP do not differ in their optical absorption characteristics: their absorption spectra are in the range of 220-340 nm with a maximum at 264 nm. Chloramines of adenosine phosphates are characterized by high reactivity with respect to thiol compounds. In particular, the rate constants of the reaction of N6-chloroadenosine-5 ’-diphosphate with N-acetylcysteine, reduced ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Level of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Human Serum Does Not Correlate with Efficiency of PEGylated Nanoparticle Uptake by Monocytes
The presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies can limit the clinical efficacy of PEGylated drugs and cause anaphylactic reactions in patients. Monocytes/macrophages are effector cells involved in IgG-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis. We studied the influence of human blood serum on the efficiency of uptake of PEGylated nanoparticles by human blood monocytes. It has been shown that magnetic nanoparticles modified with PEG-3000 and solid lipid nanoparticles containing PEG-2000 are avidly internalized by human blood monocytesin vitro, the uptake efficiency depends on the features (composition) of donor blood ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Relationship of p62 Gene Expression with Integrity of Mitochondrial DNA and the Level of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Skeletal Muscles of Rats of Different Ages Exposed to Different Feeding Protocols
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) is one of the most important multifunctional proteins, which is necessary to maintain mitochondrial stability by eliminating damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. We studied the influence of age and diet on the expression of thep62 gene in the femoral and abdominal muscles of rats, as well as the integrity of some mitochondrial components. In the femoral muscles of 24-month-old rats receiving restricted ration, the expression of thep62 gene increased. We assume that activation of mitophagy contributed to a decrease in the levels of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA and LPO intensity in the...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research