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Ischemia-Modified Albumin and Antioxidant Protection in Newborns with Asphyxia of Varying Severity
The content of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), serum albumin, and antioxidant capacity of blood serum was studied in healthy newborns and in newborns with moderate and severe asphyxia on days 1-2 and 3-4 of the postnatal period. Changes in these indicators were found in both groups of newborns with birth asphyxia in comparison with the group of healthy newborns and were more pronounced in children with severe asphyxia. An increase in the IMA level (by 1.6 times;p<0.001) and antioxidant capacity of blood serum (by 2.4 times;p<0.001) and a decrease in serum albumin content (by 1.5 times;p<0.001) were found in sever...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - October 19, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Regulation of Morphogenetic Processes during Postnatal Development and Physiological Regeneration of the Adrenal Medulla
Regulation of morphogenetic processes during postnatal development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied. Termination of the adrenal medulla growth was found to be associated with decreased chromaffin cell proliferation, activation of canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, and enhanced expression of Sonic Hedgehog ligand. Analysis of transcription factors associated with pluripotency revealed increased percentage of Oct4-expressing cells by the end of medulla growth and no signs of Sox2 expression. All the cells demonstrating activation of Wnt-signaling and expression of Oct4 and Sonic Hedgehog were found to be highly different...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 30, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Assessment of Ante- and Postnatal Development of the Offspring of Male Rats Crossed in Delayed Periods after Treatment with Methotrexate in Low Doses
We studied ante- and postnatal development of the offspring of intact female rats crossed with males injected with low doses of methotrexate 3 and 6 months before mating. The time of crossing corresponded to the manifestation of the cytostatic effect on spermatogonial stem cells. The offspring of methotrexate-treated males was characterized by increased preimplantation losses and fetal growth restriction in the antenatal period and inhibition of physical development, delayed formation of sensory-motor reflexes, and impaired learning abilities in the postnatal period. (Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine)
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 30, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Morphofunctional Parameters of Mast Cell Population in Experimentally Induced Breast Cancer in Rats
Structural and functional parameters of mast cells (MC) in rat mammary glands during experimentally provoked breast cancer were studied by the cytogram, index of cell saturation with secretory products, and degranulation index. The cytogram was calculated in histological sections stained with toluidine blue. The functional conditions of MC were determined by electron microscopy. The study revealed expansion of MC population and activation of their functional state evidenced by significant prevalence of cells with high degranulation degree and reduced saturation index. At the ultrastructural level, MC were characterized by ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 30, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Dynamics of Soluble Forms of the Immune Checkpoint Components PD-1/PD-L1/B7-H3, CD314/ULBP1, and HLA-G in Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients Receiving Blockers of Programmed Cell Death Protein PD-1
The content of the soluble forms of immune checkpoint components sPD-1, sPD-L1 in blood serum, and sB7-H3, sCD314, sULBP1, sHLA-G in blood plasma of 30 melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolisumab) was measured before and in 4 and 8 weeks after the start of immunotherapy. The control group comprised 70 practically healthy donors. Standard immunoassay kits were used. In melanoma patients, the levels of sPD-L1 and sB7-H3 were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0001), sPD-1 level did not differ from the control, while sCD314 and sHLA-G levels were insignifican...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the Optimal Number of Implanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Syrinx and Recovery of Motor Activity after Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
The present work aims at determining the most effective dose (number) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for its transplantation in order to treat chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) in mature Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24). MSC were obtained from bone marrow of 4-6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Four weeks after SCI, MSC suspension (4 μl) was injected to experimental animals into the injured area in doses of 4×105, 8 ×105, or 106. Using MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), immunohistochemistry, histological staining, and behavioral tests, we studied the effect of transplantation of MSC in dif...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Molecular Hydrogen Reduces the Degree of Endothelial Alteration under Conditions of Chronic Heart Failure
We studied the effect of molecular hydrogen H2 on the content of circulating endothelial cells and the macrohistological structure of the heart in rats with simulated chronic heart failure. Inhalation with 2% H2 was carried out repeatedly (40 min per day for 5 consecutive days) or once (40 min). Molecular hydrogen inhalations in both regimens caused a decrease in the number of circulating endothelial cells; the most pronounced effect was observed after repeated inhalations on day 14 after chronic heart failure modeling. The decrease in the count of circulating endothelial cells under the action of H2 was accompanied by rec...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Alpha-Fetoprotein as a Factor of Differentiation and Functional Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
We studied the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in regulation of differentiation and functional activity of human myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)in vitro. To obtain MDSC, CD11b+ cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors followed by cytokine induction (IL-1 β+GM-CSF) into the MDSC phenotype. The cell functions were assessed by the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase-1 (Arg1) and cytokine profile of the cell cultures. Native AFP did not affect the total number of MDSC and the percentage of polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), but increased the number of monocytic MDSC (M-M...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Modification of the Properties of Extracellular Matrix of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Cell senescence leads to changes in the secretory activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), including proteins of extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we studied the regulatory properties of ECM of senescent MSC in a model with endothelial cells (EC). EC were seeded onto a decellularized extracellular matrix of senescent MSC. Changes in cell morphology and a decrease in cell growth were observed. In addition, increased production of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and GRO α and reduced synthesis of proangiogenic growth factor FGF-2 were revealed. Analysis of ECM showed quantitative and qualitative changes, including fibronectin...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Preparation of a Single-Cell Suspension from Tumor Biopsy Samples for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
An essential requirement for single-cell RNA sequencing in cancer is the preparation of high-quality single-cell suspensions from the tumor tissue. In this work, various methods of dissociation of tumor biopsy specimens were analyzed and developed to obtain a cell suspension with at least 80% viability. It was found that the optimal conditions for sample preparation are mechanical dissociation followed by incubation with a collagenase/hyaluronidase mixture with addition of DNAase I for 60 min. Thus, we optimize the approach for preparing single-cell suspensions from the tumor biopsy tissue for single-cell RNA sequencing. (...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Gene Expression Profile of 3D Spheroids in Comparison with 2D Cell Cultures and Tissue Strains of Diffuse High-Grade Gliomas
The use of relevant, accessible, and easily reproducible preclinical models of diffuse gliomas is a prerequisite for the development of successful therapeutic approaches to their treatment. Here we studied the gene expression profile of 3D spheroids in a comparison with 2D cell cultures and tissue strains of diffuse high-grade gliomas. Using real time PCR, we evaluated the expression ofGfap,Cd44,Pten,S100b,Vegfa,Hif1a,Sox2,Melk,Gdnf, andMgmt genes playing an important role in the progression of gliomas and regulating tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, plasticity, apoptosis, DNA repair, and recruitment of tumor-a...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 29, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Pharmacological Effects of a New Indolinone Derivative in Experimental Pneumonitis in Rats
We studied the effect of a new indolinone derivative GRS on animal survival and on functioning and histological structure of the lungs in rats with experimental pneumonitis. The rats of experimental groups were intratracheally administered 0.5% aqueous solution of carrageenan under intramuscular anesthesia. Compound GRS (10 mg/kg; a suspension in 0.5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose) was orally administered for 4 days starting from the day of carrageenan administration; another rat group received the aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose alone. Control rats received intratracheally isotonic solution of so...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Role of cAMP-Dependent Intracellular Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of the Functions of Neural Stem Cells and Neuroglial Cells in Amyloid- β-Induced Neurodegeneration
Under conditions of neurodegeneration modeledin vitro by the β-amyloid peptide-(25-35) fragment (Aβ25-35), we studied the role of individual links of cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling pathways in determining the proliferation and differentiation status of neural stem cells (NSCs) and colony-stimulating activity of supernatants from neuroglial cells. The important role of intracellular cAMP and PKA in the inhibition of the progression of the NSC cell cycle and stimulation of the process of their specialization induced by A β25-35 was found. The selective ability of PKA to block the production of factors constituting...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Epigenetic Processes of DNA Methylation Are Selectively Involved in the Mechanisms of Retrograde and Anteograde Amnesia
The participation of DNA methylation processes in the mechanisms of anterograde and retrograde amnesia caused by impaired reconsolidation of conditioned food aversion memory by NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists or serotonin receptor antagonists, respectively, were studied on grape snails. Anterograde amnesia was characterized by impaired formation of long-term memory during repeated learning. Administration of a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor to amnestic animals resulted in accelerated formation of long-term memory during 1 day of repetitive trainingvs 3 days during initial training. In serotonin-dependent retrog...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Method for Collection of Tear Fluid for Evaluation Its Antioxidant Properties
A technique of collection of the tear fluid with Schirmer strips for evaluation of the activity of the main antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the tear fluid was proposed. The degree of extraction of the studied enzymes from the Schirmer strip is>85%. Cytometry showed that conjunctival and corneal cells can be transferred to the Schirmer strips during tear collection, which leads to sample contamination with intracellular fractions of the antioxidant enzymes. The approach proposed by us allows avoiding this contamination during tear fluid sampling. This technique ...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - September 28, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research