Why are women with polycystic ovary syndrome obese? and Late offspring effects of antenatal thyroid screening
These important subjects have been chosen to have free online access. The British Medical Bulletin website also has a section to celebrate its amazing archive (seehttps://academic.oup.com/bmb/pages/from-the-archives) and details of the Nobel Prize-winners who wrote for the Bulletin and went on to win the accolade. It also has information on which reviews have been most widely cited and information about the OUP blog which often has input from the Bulletin authors and editors. (Source: British Medical Bulletin)
Source: British Medical Bulletin - September 22, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
From the archive
The British Medical Bulletin (BMB) has an extensive archive dating back to 1943. Each quarter the journal publishes a paper from that archive. (Source: British Medical Bulletin)
Source: British Medical Bulletin - September 22, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Late offspring effects of antenatal thyroid screening
AbstractBackgroundThyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring outcomes and recent birth-cohort studies suggest that even mild degrees of thyroid dysfunction may be linked with a range of late cognitive and behavioural effects in childhood and adolescence.Sources of dataThis review summarizes recent literature of observational studies and critically appraises randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antenatal thyroid screening and Levothyroxine intervention.Areas of agreementOvert hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism carry significant risks for unfavourable offspring outcomes and should be appropriatel...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - July 23, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Antiresorptive treatments for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
AbstractIntroductionCorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CIO) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis, leading to fractures, and increased morbidity and mortality.Source of dataPubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.Areas of agreementProlonged glucocorticoids administration leads to secondary osteoporosis.Areas of controversyThe optimal management for CIO is controversial.Growing pointsThe present study compared bone mineral density, fractures and adverse events in patients undergoing treatment with risedronate, alendronate, zoledronate, denosumab or etidronate for CIO.Areas timely for developing res...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - June 1, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) synthetic graft for PCL reconstruction: systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractIntroductionSeveral strategies are available for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction.Source of dataRecently published literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases.Areas of agreementThe Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) is a scaffold type artificial ligament, which has been widely used for ligament reconstruction of the knee.Areas of controversyCurrent evidence on the reliability and feasibility of LARS for primary isolated PCL reconstruction is limited.Growing pointsThe primary outcome of interest of the present work was to investigate the outcomes of PCL reconstruction using t...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - May 4, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Doctor, I fractured my ankle. When can I return to play? An updated systematic review
AbstractIntroductionAnkle fractures in sport are common. Their optimal management is unclear, as is when patients can return to their sports activities. This systematic review provides a contemporary assessment of the literature on return to sports following acute traumatic ankle fractures managed both operatively and non-operatively.Sources of dataWe systematically searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CINAHL using the terms ‘ankle fractures’, ‘ankle injuries’, ‘athletes’, ‘sports’, ‘return to sport’, ‘return to activity’, ‘operative management’, ‘non-operative man...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - April 30, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Why are women with polycystic ovary syndrome obese?
AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition characterized by reproductive, hyperandrogenic and dysmetabolic features, and often becomes clinically manifest during adolescence, particularly with weight-gain.Sources of dataPubmed search.Areas of agreementPCOS is heritable and closely associates with obesity (based on data from both epidemiological and genetic studies). Furthermore, insulin resistance forms a central cornerstone of the pathogenesis of PCOS and mediates a close association between obesity and the severity of the phenotypic features of PCOS.Areas of controversyOur understanding of...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - March 12, 2022 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
The promise of artificial intelligence: a review of the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in healthcare and clinical trials in skeletal dysplasia: a paradigm for treating rare diseases
(Source: British Medical Bulletin)
Source: British Medical Bulletin - September 10, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect healthWealthy nations must do much more, much faster †
(Source: British Medical Bulletin)
Source: British Medical Bulletin - September 6, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Clinical trials in skeletal dysplasia: a paradigm for treating rare diseases
AbstractBackgroundGenetic skeletal dysplasia conditions (GSDs) account for 5% of all birth defects. Until recently, targeted treatments were only available for select few conditions;1 however, opportunities arising from developments in molecular diagnostic technologies are now leading to unparalleled therapeutic advances. This review explores current GSD clinical trials, their challenges and the hopes for the future.Sources of dataA systematic literature search of relevant original articles, reviews and meta-analyses restricted to English was conducted using PubMed up to February 2020 regarding emerging GSD therapies.Areas...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - August 28, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Why exercise has a crucial role in cancer prevention, risk reduction and improved outcomes
AbstractIntroductionExercise is one of several factors known to lower the risk of developing cancer, as well as improve outcomes in patients already diagnosed. People who exercise after cancer have lower rates of cancer complications, treatment toxicities, relapse and improved survival. This review highlights the supportive data and biochemical processes, which explain these potential benefits.Sources of dataPubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane libraries were searched for papers which addressed the effects of exercise and physical activity on cancer for this review. The search terms used were physical activity, exercise an...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - August 23, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Platelet-rich plasma versus steroids injections for greater trochanter pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractIntroductionGreater trochanter pain syndrome (GTPS) is characterized by a persistent and debilitating pain around the greater trochanter. GTPS can be caused by a combination of gluteus medius or minimus tendinopathy, snapping hip or trochanteric bursitis.Source of dataRecent published literatures identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus.Areas of agreementPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroids (CCS) injections are useful options to manage symptoms of GTPS.Areas of controversyWhether PRP leads to superior outcomes compared to CCS injections is unclear.Growing pointsA systematic review and meta-a...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - August 17, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
The promise of artificial intelligence: a review of the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in healthcare
This article reviews AI ’s present applications in healthcare, including its benefits, limitations and future scope.Sources of dataA review of the English literature was conducted with search terms ‘AI’ or ‘ML’ or ‘deep learning’ and ‘healthcare’ or ‘medicine’ using PubMED and Google Scholar from 2000–2021.Areas of agreementAI could transform physician workflow and patient care through its applications, from assisting physicians and replacing administrative tasks to augmenting medical knowledge.Areas of controversyFrom challenges training ML systems to unclear accountability, AI ’s implementation ...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - August 17, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Placebo effect in pharmacological management of fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis
AbstractIntroductionThe management of fibromyalgia involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.Source of dataRecently published literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases.Areas of agreementSeveral pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been proposed for the management of fibromyalgia. However, the management of fibromyalgia remains controversial. The administration of placebo has proved to be more effective than no treatment in many clinical settings and evidence supports the ‘therapeutic’ effects of placebo on a wide range of symptoms.Areas of controvers...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - July 23, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Management of Gustilo –Anderson IIIB open tibial fractures in adults—a systematic review
AbstractIntroductionOpen tibial fractures are the most common open long bone fracture, despite this, the management of these complex injuries still remains a topic of discussion amongst orthopaedic surgeons.Sources of dataWe searched the EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar and a systematic review of 7500 articles, leaving 23 after exclusion criteria were applied, in order to analyse the management of open tibial fractures.Areas of agreement and controversyInfection was noted to be the most significant concern amongst authors, with definitive external fixation having a high rate of superficial pin-site infection and internal...
Source: British Medical Bulletin - July 5, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
