miR-383 negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats by targeting Satb2
In this study, we found that miR-383 is a critical regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. We showed that miR-383 was downregulated during osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Overexpression of miR-383 suppressed osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs by downregulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, and mRNA and protein levels of RUNX2 and OCN, whereas a knockdown of miR-383 promoted osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 14, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jianfei Tang, Zeng Zhang, Xiangyun Jin, Huipeng Shi Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Prevention of breast cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women treated with zoledronic acid: Final 5-year results from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ProBONE II trial
Premenopausal women receiving chemotherapy or endocrine treatment for early breast cancer are at increased risk for cancer treatment induced bone loss (CTIBL). The aim of the randomized, double-blind ProBONE II trial was to investigate whether a 2-year adjuvant treatment with 4 mg intravenous zoledronic acid (ZOL) every 3 months versus placebo would prevent CTIBL after a five-year period. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ioannis Kyvernitakis, Peter Herbert Kann, Friederike Thomasius, Olaf Hars, Peyman Hadji Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Hydrogen sulfide epigenetically mitigates bone loss through OPG/RANKL regulation during hyperhomocysteinemia in mice
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel gasotransmitter produced endogenously in mammalian cells, which works by mediating diverse physiological functions. An imbalance in H2S metabolism is associated with defective bone homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether H2S plays any epigenetic role in bone loss induced by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). We demonstrate that diet-induced HHcy, a mouse model of metabolite induced osteoporosis, alters homocysteine metabolism by decreasing plasma levels of H2S. Treatment with NaHS (H2S donor), normalizes the plasma level of H2S and further alleviates HHcy induced trabecular bone loss and mec...
Source: Bone - June 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jyotirmaya Behera, Akash K. George, Michael J. Voor, Suresh C. Tyagi, Neetu Tyagi Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Fracture incidence and secular trends between 1989 and 2013 in a population based cohort: The Rotterdam Study
Fracture incidence needs to be evaluated over time to assess the impact of the enlarging population burden of fractures (due to increase in lifespan) and the efficacy of fracture prevention strategies. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline with fracture risk over a long follow-up time period. Incident non-vertebral fractures were assessed in 14,613 individuals participating in the Rotterdam Study with up to 20 years of follow-up. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Katerina Trajanoska, Josje D. Schoufour, Ester A.L. de Jonge, Brenda C.T. Kieboom, Marlies Mulder, Bruno H. Stricker, Trudy Voortman, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Edwin H.G. Oei, M. Arfan Ikram, M. Carola Zillikens, Fernando Rivadeneira, Ling Oei Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Genome-wide association study of extreme high bone mass: Contribution of common genetic variation to extreme BMD phenotypes and potential novel BMD-associated genes
Generalised high bone mass (HBM), associated with features of a mild skeletal dysplasia, has a prevalence of 0.18% in a UK DXA-scanned adult population. We hypothesized that the genetic component of extreme HBM includes contributions from common variants of small effect and rarer variants of large effect, both enriched in an extreme phenotype cohort. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Celia L. Gregson, Felicity Newell, Paul J. Leo, Graeme R. Clark, Lavinia Paternoster, Mhairi Marshall, Vincenzo Forgetta, John A. Morris, Bing Ge, Xiao Bao, J.H. Duncan Bassett, Graham R. Williams, Scott E. Youlten, Peter I. Croucher, George Davey Smith, Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
A bone-targeting drug-delivery system based on Semaphorin 3A gene therapy ameliorates bone loss in osteoporotic ovariectomized mice
In this study, we investigated whether plasmid containing Sema3a could ameliorate bone loss in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model via (AspSerSer)6, a selectively bone-targeting moiety. Plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-Sema3a-GFP was fabricated and transfected cells with the plasmid demonstrated statistically higher levels of Sema3A in vitro (p (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: K. Yang, R.J. Miron, Z. Bian, Y.F. Zhang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Reversal of loss of bone mass in old mice treated with mefloquine
We examined herein the effect of mefloquine, a drug used to treat malaria and systemic lupus erythematosus and shown to ameliorate bone loss in glucocorticoid-treated patients, on bone mass and mechanical properties in young and old mice. Young 3.5-month-old and old 21-month-old female C57BL/6 mice received daily injections of 5 mg/kg/day mefloquine for 14 days. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - June 4, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Rafael Pacheco-Costa, Hannah M. Davis, Emily G. Atkinson, Julian E. Dilley, Innocent Byiringiro, Mohammad W. Aref, Matthew R. Allen, Teresita Bellido, Lilian I. Plotkin Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
BMD-based assessment of local porosity in human femoral cortical bone
Cortical pores are determinants of the elastic properties and of the ultimate strength of bone tissue. An increase of the overall cortical porosity (Ct.Po) as well as the local coalescence of large pores cause an impairment of the mechanical competence of bone. Therefore, Ct.Po represents a relevant target for identifying patients with high fracture risk. However, given their small size, the in vivo imaging of cortical pores remains challenging. The advent of modern high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) triggered new methods for the clinical assessment of Ct.Po at the peripheral skeleton, ei...
Source: Bone - May 31, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Gianluca Iori, Frans Heyer, Vantte Kilappa, Caroline Wyers, Peter Varga, Johannes Schneider, Melanie Gr äsel, Robert Wendlandt, Reinhard Barkmann, Joop van den Bergh, Kay Raum Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of bone microstructure as a non-invasive alternative to histomorphometry in patients with chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) adversely affects bone microarchitecture and increases fracture risk. Historically, bone biopsy has been the ‘gold standard’ for evaluating renal bone disease but is invasive and infrequently performed. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantifies bone microarchitecture noninvasively. In patients with CKD, it has not been compared with results derived from bone biopsy or with imaging usi ng dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 31, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ashish K. Sharma, Nigel D. Toussaint, Grahame J. Elder, Rosemary Masterson, Stephen G. Holt, Patricia L. Robertson, Peter R. Ebeling, Paul Baldock, Rhiannon C. Miller, Chamith S. Rajapakse Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone microarchitecture, biomechanical properties, and advanced glycation end-products in the proximal femur of adults with type 2 diabetes
Skeletal fragility is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but there is a poor understanding of mechanisms underlying T2D skeletal fragility. The increased fracture risk has been suggested to result from deteriorated bone microarchitecture or poor bone quality due to accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We conducted a clinical study to determine whether: 1) bone microarchitecture, AGEs, and bone biomechanical properties are altered in T2D bone, 2) bone AGEs are related to bone biomechanical properties, and 3) serum AGE levels reflect those in bone. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 30, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lamya Karim, Julia Moulton, Miranda Van Vliet, Kelsey Velie, Ann Robbins, Fatemeh Malekipour, Ayesha Abdeen, Douglas Ayres, Mary L. Bouxsein Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Femoral neck cortical bone in female and male hip fracture cases: Differential contrasts in cortical width and sub-periosteal porosity in 112 cases and controls
To quantitate differences between cases of hip fracture and controls in cortical width around the mid-femoral neck in men and women. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 25, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jon Power, Nigel Loveridge, Heikki Kr öger, Martyn Parker, Jonathan Reeve Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
In which patients does lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) have the largest effect?
Lumbar spine TBS, a texture index derived from lumbar spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, enhances fracture prediction. No studies to date have studied a broad range of clinical variables to determine which patients might experience the greatest benefit from the use of TBS. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 23, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: P. Martineau, W.D. Leslie, H. Johansson, N.C. Harvey, E.V. McCloskey, D. Hans, J.A. Kanis Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
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Source: Bone - May 22, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Mechanical properties of infant bone
In this study we present the mechanical testing results from 47 tibia and 52 rib specimens taken from 53 infant decedents in order to further our understanding of infant bone strength. Bone specimens were imaged using microCT and tested in three-point bending until failure. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 22, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Catherine G. Ambrose, Miriam Soto Martinez, Xiaohong Bi, Juanita Deaver, Cole Kuzawa, Lindsey Schwartz, Brian Dawson, Angela Bachim, Urszula Polak, Brendan Lee, Christian Crowder Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Relative contributions of lean and fat mass to bone strength in young Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls
With the high prevalence of childhood obesity, especially among Hispanic children, understanding how body weight and its components of lean and fat mass affect bone development is important, given that the amount of bone mineral accrued during childhood can determine osteoporosis risk later in life. The aim of this study was to assess the independent contributions of lean and fat mass on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, and strength in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones of Hispanic and non-Hispanic girls. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - May 22, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Megan Hetherington-Rauth, Jennifer W. Bea, Robert M. Blew, Janet L. Funk, Melanie D. Hingle, Vinson R. Lee, Denise J. Roe, Mark D. Wheeler, Timothy G. Lohman, Scott B. Going Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
