Treatment of patients with Graves’ disease and the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Iuliana D. Bobanga, Christopher R. McHenryAbstractGraves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by thyroid stimulating auto-antibodies directed against the thyrotropin receptor on thyroid follicular cells. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmologic and other systemic manifestations. Three treatment options are available for Graves’ disease: anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and thyroidectomy. While thyroidectomy is the least com...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 2, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Impact of surgical volume and surgical outcome assessing registers on the quality of thyroid surgery
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Neil Patel, David Scott-CoombesAbstractThe available evidence concerning the relationship between volume and outcome for thyroid surgery is assessed in this article. Morbidity forms the principal surrogate marker of thyroid surgery quality for which postoperative hypocalcaemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries are most commonly reported upon. Whilst there is an abundance of published data for these outcomes, interpretation to recommend annual volume thresholds is challenging. This is due to a...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 2, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Surgical approach to the substernal goiter
This article addresses the important anatomical considerations when resecting a large substernal goiter, and also reviews various extracervical approaches. (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Puberty
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Margaret Zacharin (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 15, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Impact of fluorescence and autofluorescence on surgical strategy in benign and malignant neck endocrine diseases
Publication date: Available online 10 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Anatoliy V. Rudin, Eren BerberAbstractFluorescence and autofluorescence have been shown by several recent studies to be valuable adjuncts in identifying parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. The aim of this chapter is to review the impact of this new technology on surgical strategy concerning preservation of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy, identification of hyperactive parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism, and their potential role in advanced thyroid cancers....
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The role of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) determination for identification and surgical strategy of sporadic multiglandular disease in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT)
Publication date: Available online 8 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Jagdeep Singh Bhangu, Philipp RissAbstractIntraoperative PTH monitoring (IOPTH) made minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in patients with primary HPT possible. However, with the increasing accuracy of preoperative localization studies there is a growing discussion if IOPTH is necessary in patients with localized single gland disease (concordant preoperative localization studies). Different interpretation criteria have been developed – each with their particular advantages and disadvantages, but ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The burden of disease for pituitary patients
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Nienke R. BiermaszAbstractPituitary diseases are rare conditions with severe chronic multiorgan and multisystemic morbidity requiring complex multidisciplinary treatment and usually life-long drug treatment. Most cases are caused by functioning or non-functioning pituitary adenoma. From the patient’s perspective, the burden of disease is caused by the tumour itself and associated compression symptoms, interventions, hormone excess and deficiencies, systemic manifestations of these endocrine abnor...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 3, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Update in pituitary disorders
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Philippe Chanson (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 3, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Preface: Puberty
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Margaret Zacharin (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The optimal surgical techniques for pituitary tumors
Publication date: Available online 27 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): M. Buchfelder, S.M. Schlaffer, Y. ZhaoAbstractIn this paper, the currently used and well evaluated techniques for the surgery of pituitary tumors will be reviewed. Since the first surgical approaches to pituitary tumors more than 100 years have elapsed. Various surgical techniques have been developed, refined and standardized. Most of these tumors are to date treated via transsphenoidal approaches. Many pituitary adenomas, particularly, smaller, enclosed ones, can be completely excised and a selecti...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Surgical approaches and results of treatment for hereditary paragangliomas
Publication date: Available online 27 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Maurizio Iacobone, Amanda Belluzzi, Francesca TorresanAbstractParagangliomas (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours; parasympathetic PGL are predominantly non-secreting and located at the skull base and neck, while sympathetic PGL are typically catecholamine-secreting and located at abdomino-pelvic level. Approximately 40% of PGL may be caused by germline mutations; hereditary variants should be suspected especially in case of positive family history, early onset, multifocal, or recurrent PGL. Signif...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Endocrine disrupters and possible contribution to pubertal changes
Publication date: Available online 27 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Julie Fudvoye, David Lopez-Rodriguez, Delphine Franssen, Anne-Simone ParentAbstractThe onset of puberty strongly depends on organizational processes taking place during the fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, exposure to environmental pollutants such as Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during critical periods of development can result in delayed/advanced puberty and long-term reproductive consequences. Human evidence of altered pubertal timing after exposure to endocrine disrupting chemi...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

MANAGEMENT OF DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT With a focus on development of the child and adolescent through the pubertal years
This articles will discuss clinical and genetic diagnosis, decisions regarding sex of rearing, ethical dilemmas, medical management of the infant and of the child or adolescent presenting for the first time with a DSD. Surgical options, timing and management are outlined. (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 29, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Volume–outcome relationship in adrenal surgery: A review of existing literature
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Hadiza S. Kazaure, Julie A. SosaThe relationship between operative volume and perioperative outcomes after several oncologic operations is well documented. Recent studies on adrenalectomy reveal a robust association between higher surgeon volume and improved patient outcomes. Statistical analyses have demonstrated that outcomes are improved when surgeons perform at least six adrenalectomies annually; based on this threshold definition of a ‘high-volume’ surgeon, more than 80% of adrenalectomies ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 20, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Primary Gonadal Failure
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Dr Asmahane Ladjouze, Dr Malcolm DonaldsonAbstractThe term primary gonadal failure encompasses not only testicular insufficiency in 46,XY males and ovarian insufficiency in 46,XX females, but also those disorders of sex development (DSD) which result in gender assignment that is at variance with the genotype and gonadal type. In boys, causes of gonadal failure include Klinefelter and other aneuploidy syndromes, bilateral cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, and forms of 46,XY DSD such as partial andr...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 12, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research