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Changes in autonomic nervous system during cerebral desaturation episodes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Little evidence is available on the effect of regional cerebral desaturation (rCD) episodes that occur in the first days after aneurysm subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) on autonomic nervous system activity and systemic hemodynamics. We determine the impact of rCD episodes, developed within 5  days of aSAH, on autonomic nervous system via baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), systemic hemodynamic evaluated using cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI), as well as cerebral autoregulation (CA). (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Agnieszka Uryga, Nathalie Nasr, Magdalena Kasprowicz, Jowita Wo źniak, Waldemar Goździk, Małgorzata Burzyńska Tags: Review Source Type: research

Social isolation and oxytocin antagonism increase emotion-related behaviors and heart rate in female prairie voles
Social isolation influences depression- and anxiety-related disorders and altered cardiac function. Oxytocin may mediate these conditions through interactions with social behavior, emotion, and cardiovascular function, via central and/or peripheral mechanisms. The present study investigated the influence of oxytocin antagonism using L-368,899, a selective oxytocin receptor antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier, on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors and heart rate in prairie voles. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 23, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: W. Tang Watanasriyakul, Melissa-Ann L. Scotti, C. Sue Carter, Neal McNeal, William Colburn, Joshua Wardwell, Angela J. Grippo Source Type: research

Technical aspects and future approaches in transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)
With the emergence of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) as a therapy option for a multitude of clinical indications, the development and improvement of the stimulators becomes an increasingly important point of focus. This paper aims to discuss electrotechnical and software-based improvements to the state-of-the-art stimulators, in order to reduce the experienced side effects of the subjects as well as to increase the efficacy of the stimulation. It was found that side effects such as erythema and pain at the stimulation site are caused by electrolysis at the site of stimulation, which can be reduced by maintai...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Armin Bolz, Lars-Oliver Bolz Tags: Review Source Type: research

Glucose infusion suppresses acute restraint stress-induced peripheral and central sympathetic responses in rats
Acute restraint stress (RS) induces sympathetic activation such as elevating plasma catecholamines, resulting in increase in blood glucose. We aimed to investigate whether glucose infusion affects the RS-induced sympathetic responses. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Naoko Yamaguchi, Yoshihiko Kakinuma, Tomiko Yakura, Munekazu Naito, Shoshiro Okada Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 18, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

t-VNS to treat disorders of behaviour in Prader-Willi Syndrome and in people with other neurodevelopmental conditions
This paper proposes that tVNS has the potential to be a new treatment for some of the behaviour difficulties that may affect people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism, particularly those people born with specific neurodevelopmental syndromes. Behaviours, such as emotional outbursts, physical aggression, and self-injury are a relative common occurrence in these groups and have a significant impact on wellbeing and quality of life for the individuals and their families. Such behaviours have generally been understood through the lens of learning theory, the likelihood of their occurrence being shaped and reinforced ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 11, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anthony Holland, Katie Manning Tags: Review Source Type: research

Finding a rhythm: Relating ultra-short-term heart rate variability measures in healthy young adults during rest, exercise, and recovery
Ultra-short-term (UST; (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maria C. Canino, Courtenay Dunn-Lewis, Felix Proessl, Alice D. LaGoy, Juliana R. Hougland, Alaska L. Beck, Gregory P. Vaughan, Adam J. Sterczala, Chris Connaboy, William J. Kraemer, Shawn D. Flanagan Source Type: research

Sympathetic nervous system and hypertension: New evidences
Evidences collected in the past few years have strengthened the concept that the sympathetic nervous system plays a primary role in the development and progression of the hypertensive state, starting from the early stage, and in the hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. Among them the genetic background, the immune system in conjunction with sympathetic activation. The present review will briefly discuss the importance of the above mentioned mechanisms in the development of hypertension. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Gino Seravalle, Guido Grassi Tags: Review Source Type: research

Inspired by Geoff Burnstock – a special issue of Autonomic Neuroscience
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - February 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: John B. Furness Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Oral and intravenous hydration in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension and postural tachycardia syndrome
Hydration with water and salt is the mainstay of treatment for autonomic nervous system disorders that impair orthostatic tolerance. The goal is to expand intravascular volume to compensate for the downward displacement of blood volume that occurs when standing and thereby sustain cerebral perfusion and restore quality of life. Despite strong consensus recommendations for salt supplementation as standard treatment of these disorders, published evidence of benefit is relatively weak, and no randomized clinical trials have occurred. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 28, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Howard Snapper, William P. Cheshire Tags: Review Source Type: research

The effects of exercise training in the cold on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function in young healthy individuals
Exercise elicits acute increases in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) and provokes long-term beneficial effects on CBFv, thereby reducing cerebrovascular risk. Acute exposure to a cold stimulus also increases CBFv. We compared the impact of exercise training in cold and thermoneutral environments on CFBv, cerebrovascular function and peripheral endothelial function.Twenty-one (16 males, 22  ± 5 years) individuals were randomly allocated to either a cold (5 °C) or thermoneutral (15 °C) exercise intervention. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 28, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G.D. Miller, J.D. Maxwell, A. Thompson, N.T. Cable, D.A. Low, K.P. George, H. Jones Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network
The demands of both mental and physical activity are integrated with the dynamic control of internal bodily state. The set of neural interactions that supports autonomic regulation extends beyond afferent-efferent homeostatic reflexes (interoceptive feedback, autonomic action) to encompass allostatic policies reflecting more abstract and predictive mental representations, often accessed as conscious thoughts and feelings. Historically and heuristically, reason is contrasted with passion, cognition with emotion, and ‘cold’ with ‘hot’ cognition. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 28, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lisa Quadt, Hugo Critchley, Yoko Nagai Tags: Review Source Type: research

A new lead: Sacubitril-valsartan's unique benefit in HFrEF could lie with sympathoinhibition
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sangeetha Nathaniel, Shane McGinty, Melissa A. Witman, David G. Edwards, William B. Farquhar, Vinay Hosmane, Megan M. Wenner Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Step-by-step guide to creating the best syncope units: From combined United States and European experiences
Syncope can be caused by many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Causes of syncope encompass a wide range of conditions from benign vasovagal syncope to life-threatening arrhythmias. The lack of a standardized method of evaluation and management of this large patient population leads to a wide practice variation which results in broad-based testing, frequent hospital admission and high healthcare cost. The concept of a syncope observational unit was created for inpatients and outpatients in the United States and Europe. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tina Firouzbakht, Maria L. Shen, Antonella Groppelli, Michele Brignole, Win-Kuang Shen Tags: Review Source Type: research

Dietary sodium and health: How much is too much for those with orthostatic disorders?
High dietary salt (NaCl) increases blood pressure (BP) and can adversely impact multiple target organs including the vasculature, heart, kidneys, brain, autonomic nervous system, skin, eyes, and bone. However, patients with orthostatic disorders are told to increase their NaCl intake to help alleviate symptoms. While there is evidence to support the short-term benefits of increasing NaCl intake in these patients, there are few studies assessing the benefits and side effects of long-term high dietary NaCl. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - January 20, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Joseph M. Stock, Gisela Chelimsky, David G. Edwards, William B. Farquhar Tags: Review Source Type: research