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Editorial Board
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Supine hypertension: A state of the art
Patients with cardiovascular autonomic failure (AF) may suffer from neurogenic supine hypertension (nSH), defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, after 5 min of rest in the supine position, combined with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) in approximately 50% of the cases.nSH may be the manifestation of central or peripheral autonomic lesions.Long-term risks are hypothesized with SH, including renal dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G. Mantovani, I. Marozzi, M. Rafanelli, G. Rivasi, S. Volpato, A. Ungar Tags: Review Source Type: research

Asymmetry of the pupillary light reflex during a cold pressor test
Pupillary light reflexes were monitored in 20 healthy participants while they immersed one foot in painfully cold water (the cold pressor test) or in warm water for 1  min. Pupillary dilatation was greater during the cold pressor test than during the warm-water immersion. In addition, during the cold pressor test, re-dilation after exposure to bright light proceeded more rapidly for the ipsilateral than contralateral pupil. These findings suggest that sympathet ic pupillary drive is greater ipsilateral than contralateral to pain. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 13, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter D. Drummond Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Sympathovagal imbalance in early ischemic stroke is linked to impaired cerebral autoregulation and increased infarct volumes
Autonomic dysfunction is associated with worse outcome of ischemic stroke patients by mechanisms that are not fully understood. There is evidence of autonomic influence in cerebrovascular control but this has not been studied in acute stroke. Therefore, we examined the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the early hours post ischemia, and its impact in clinical and radiological outcome. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 6, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pedro Castro, Jorge Serrador, Farzaneh Sorond, Elsa Azevedo, Isabel Rocha Tags: Review Source Type: research

Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity results in potent cerebral hypoperfusion in swine
Cerebral vasospasm is a complex disease resulting in reversible narrowing of blood vessels, stroke, and poor patient outcomes. Sympathetic perivascular nerve fibers originate from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) to innervate the cerebral vasculature, with activation resulting in vasoconstriction. Sympathetic pathways are thought to be a significant contributor to cerebral vasospasm. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 6, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wi Jin Kim, Michael Dacey, Hashitha Milan Samarage, David Zarrin, Keshav Goel, Christopher Chan, Xin Qi, Anthony Wang, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Jeffrey Ardell, Geoffrey Colby Tags: Review Source Type: research

The role of the autonomic nervous system in cerebral blood flow regulation in dementia: A review
In this review we will examine the role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in dementia. Worldwide, 55 million people currently live with dementia, and this figure will increase as the global population ages. Understanding the changes in vascular physiology in dementia could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. Reductions in CBF have been demonstrated in multiple dementia sub-types, in addition to increased cerebrovascular resistance and reduced vasoreactivity. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - May 1, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lucy C. Beishon, Patrick Hosford, Dewaker Gurung, Patrice Brassard, Jatinder S. Minhas, Thompson G. Robinson, Victoria Haunton, Ronney B. Panerai Tags: Review Source Type: research

Examination of the periaqueductal gray as a site for controlling arterial pressure in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat
Our understanding of central nervous system regulation of the set-point of arterial pressure remains incomplete, especially in conditions of hypertension. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is of particular interest given that its acute activation induces hypotension and sympatho-inhibition in anaesthetised, normotensive animals, and recent preliminary studies have shown that vlPAG stimulation can reduce blood pressure in refractory hypertensive patients. To assist our mechanistic understanding, we investigated whether electrical stimulation of the vlPAG had depressor actions in a model of neurogenic hypertensio...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - April 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: E.L. O'Callaghan, F.M. McBryde, N.K. Patel, J.F.R. Paton Source Type: research

Stress, hypoglycemia, and the autonomic nervous system
Stress can be classified as either psychosocial or physiologic. Physiologic stress refers to stresses due to acute illness, trauma, pain, hypoglycemia, and sleep deprivation –much less is known regarding its health consequences. This review focuses on hypoglycemia as a model to further investigate physiological stress. Experimental mild to moderate hypoglycemia is a paradigmatic physiological stress that evokes the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune responses. Hypo glycemic stress is an ideal model to examine the interactions and consequences of physiological stress on the autonomic nervous system. (Source: Autonomic ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - April 4, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andrea Haas, David Borsook, Gail Adler, Roy Freeman Tags: Review Source Type: research

Autonomic dysregulation in sudep: basic and clinical implications
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 30, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Sabetghadam, Verberne AJM Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 20, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Orthostatic systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in newly injured patients with spinal cord injury
Low blood pressure (BP) may lead to reduced cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) during an orthostatic challenge in newly injured patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which, may relate to the neurological level of injury (NLI) as documented on the International Standards for the Neurologic Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI), or to evidence of cardiovascular autonomic impairment as determined by the International Standards to document remaining Autonomic Function after SCI (ISAFSCI). (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Daniel H. Vaccaro, Joseph P. Weir, Meghana Noonavath, Thomas N. Bryce, Miguel X. Escalon, Vincent Huang, Andrew Delgado, Jill M. Wecht Source Type: research

Autonomic nerve activity and cardiovascular changes during discrete seizures in rats
Activity in both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can increase during seizures and result in tachy- or bradyarrhythmias. We sought to determine the patterns of ANS activity that led to heart rate (HR) changes and whether the character of ANS and HR changes can impact the seizures themselves. Simultaneous recordings of vagus nerve and cervical sympathetic ganglionic or nerve activity, EEG, ECG, and blood pressure were acquired from 16 urethane-anesthetized rats that received systemic kainic acid to induce seizures. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 16, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Isaac Naggar, Kenichi Sakamoto, Shelly Jones, Mark Stewart Tags: Review Source Type: research

A two-week course of transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation improves global sleep: Findings from a randomised trial in community-dwelling adults
This study tested if a 2-week course of daily transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) improves sleep in community-dwelling adults. Participants were n  = 68 men and women aged 18–75 years randomised into four groups: early and sham tVNS and late and sham tVNS. Early groups underwent daily 4 h stimulation between Day 0 and 13, while late groups underwent daily 4 h stimulation between Day 14 and 28. tVNS was performed with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the left tragus, and sham tVNS (control conditions) was applied on the left earlobe. (Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 16, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marta Jackowska, Julian Koenig, Veronika Vasendova, Vera K. Jandackova Tags: Review Source Type: research

Passive leg movement-induced vasodilation and exercise-induced sympathetic vasoconstriction
The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a modulator of functional sympatholysis has been debated in the literature, but the preponderance of evidence suggests that the magnitude of NO-mediated dilation is restrained by sympathetic vasoconstriction. Therefore, we hypothesized that passive leg movement (PLM)-induced vasodilation, which is predominantly NO-mediated, would be attenuated by an exercise-induced increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). To test this hypothesis, MSNA, leg blood flow (LBF), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured and leg vascular conductance (LVC) calculated in 9 healthy subjects ...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 4, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Massimo Venturelli, Matthew J. Rossman, Stephen J. Ives, Joshua C. Weavil, Markus Amann, D. Walter Wray, Russell S. Richardson Source Type: research

Salt from the autonomic perspective
(Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical)
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical - March 1, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: William P. Cheshire Tags: Editorial Source Type: research