Atherosclerosis evaluation and cardiovascular risk estimation using coronary computed tomography angiography
Eur Heart J. 2024 Apr 12:ehae190. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae190. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTClinical risk scores based on traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis correlate imprecisely to an individual's complex pathophysiological predisposition to atherosclerosis and provide limited accuracy for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Over the past two decades, computed tomography scanners and techniques for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) analysis have substantially improved, enabling more precise atherosclerotic plaque quantification and characterization. The accuracy of CCTA for qu...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nick S Nurmohamed Alexander R van Rosendael Ibrahim Danad Quyen Ngo-Metzger Pam R Taub Kausik K Ray Gemma Figtree Marc P Bonaca Judith Hsia Fatima Rodriguez Alexander T Sandhu Koen Nieman James P Earls Udo Hoffmann Jeroen J Bax James K Min David J Maron D Source Type: research
Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 lowers inflammation and atherosclerosis susceptibility in female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
In conclusion, we have shown that peritoneal administration and subsequent systemic exposure to rhPRG4 beneficially impacts the inflammatory state and reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice. Our findings highlight that PRG4 is not only a lubricant but also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. KEY POINTS: Endogenously produced proteoglycan 4 is found in atherosclerotic lesions and its genetic deficiency in mice is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis susceptibility. In this study we investigated the anti-atherogenic potential of chronic treatment with recombinant human PRG4 in hypercholesterolaemic female low-den...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Menno Hoekstra Olga S C Snip Philip Janusz Mireia N A Bernab é Kleijn Edward R Truitt Benjamin D Sullivan Tannin A Schmidt Gregory D Jay Miranda Van Eck Source Type: research
Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin an...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Laurent Calvier Anna Alexander Austin T Marckx Maria Z Kounnas Murat Durakoglugil Joachim Herz Source Type: research
Functional and Multi-Omics Effects of an Optimized CRISPR-Mediated FURIN Depletion in U937 Monocytes
Cells. 2024 Mar 28;13(7):588. doi: 10.3390/cells13070588.ABSTRACTThe pro-protein convertase FURIN (PCSK3) is implicated in a wide range of normal and pathological biological processes such as infectious diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we performed a systemic inhibition of FURIN in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and demonstrated significant plaque reduction and alterations in macrophage function. To understand the cellular mechanisms affected by FURIN inhibition in myeloid cells, we optimized a CRISPR-mediated gene deletion protocol for successfully deriving hemizygous (HZ) and nullizygous (NZ) F...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ruiming Chua Lijin Wang Roshni Singaraja Sujoy Ghosh Source Type: research
Correlation of Homocysteine and Blood Pressure Variability with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Hypertension and Carotid Atherosclerosis
CONCLUSION: There was a position correlation of Hcy and BPV with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis.PMID:38607212 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rui Liu Yiwen Weng Chunlian Zeng Fei Dai Jing Chen Mengjiao Gou Yalu Qin Source Type: research
COVID-19 acts like a stress test, uncovering the vulnerable part of the human body: a retrospective study of 1640 cases in China
CONCLUSION: The elderly who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 ought to be treated with emphasis not only on antiviral therapy but also on individualized treatment that takes their medical history and comorbidities into account.PMID:38607985 | DOI:10.1093/eurpub/ckae056 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tian-Yi He Hong-Yu Zhou Ming-Hui Zhu Ji-Li Zhang Source Type: research
Effect of connexin 43 in LPS/IL-4-induced macrophage M1/M2 polarization: An observational study
This study examined the role of Cx43 and M2 polarization markers using Western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry. Cx43 overexpression was induced using Cx43 overexpressing lentivirus. The statistical software SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp.) and GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, United States) were used to analyze the results. P values < .05 were considered to indicate statistically significant differences. Our results showed that LPS promotes the polarization of macrophages to M1-type, which is accompanied by an increase in Cx43 expression from 0 to 24 hours. Moreover, the application of the Cx43-specifi...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pengchen He Mingxing Dai Zongpin Li Xiaoyi Wang Hongyuan Liu Yixiao He Han Jiang Source Type: research
Inhibition of polyphenols on Maillard reaction products and their induction of related diseases: A comprehensive review
CONCLUSION: This review presents that inhibition of polyphenols on Maillard reaction products and their induction of related diseases. Further research is imperative to enhance our comprehension of additional pathways affected by polyphenols and to fully uncover their potential application value in inhibiting MRPs.PMID:38608487 | DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155589 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Xurui Ye Mengyun Zhang Zihao Gong Weiting Jiao Liangchao Li Mingyu Dong Tianyu Xiang Nianjie Feng Qian Wu Source Type: research
Triglyceride - glucose index, remnant cholesterol and common carotid artery intima-media thickness as an atherosclerotic marker in ischemic stroke patients
Georgian Med News. 2024 Feb;(347):59-65.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke (IS) is a major global health concern, often resulting from atherosclerosis and insulin resistance (IR). The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), remnant cholesterol (RC), and common artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) are potential markers for assessing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk in IS patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between TyG index, RC, CIMT, and IS in adult patients recruited from a hospital. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed. Th...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: A Rangan D Balaji U Chand E Raghunathan N Deepthi P Karthik Source Type: research
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins impair the pro-atherosclerotic effect of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor-producing T helper cells on macrophages
This study aims to characterize the phenotype and function of ThGM cells in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice with a high-fat diet. Aortic ThGM cells were detected and sorted by flow cytometry. The effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on ThGM cells and the impact of ThGM cells on macrophages were evaluated by flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, oxLDL binding/uptake assay, immunoblotting and foam cell formation assay. We found that GM-CSF+IFN-γ- ThGM cells existed in atherosclerotic aortas. Live ThGM cells were enriched in aortic CD4...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Xiaofang Xiong Zheng Yan Long Yan Xuexue Yang Dongsheng Li Guizhen Lin Source Type: research
Cardiovascular risk and inflammation in a population with autoimmune diseases: a narrative review
Front Immunol. 2024 Mar 28;15:1380372. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380372. eCollection 2024.ABSTRACTJuvenile Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases (JSCTD) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune diseases, associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk are related. Studies from the last 10 years, from 2013 to 2022, on lipid profiles in JSCTD were collected. Different studies on lipid profiles in children affected by JSCTD were selected, because the aim is to analyze the cardiovascular risk and the possibility of atherosclerosis in these patients in whom, sometimes, corticosteroid therapies and immunosuppr...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Camilla Bertoni Alessandra Mazzocchi Ludovica Leone Carlo Agostoni Giovanni Filocamo Source Type: research
Potential diagnostic markers shared between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis determined by machine learning and bioinformatic analysis
CONCLUSION: We identified RPS6KA1 and SERPINA3 as potential diagnostic markers for NAFLD and AS. The most promising marker for a diagnosis of NAFLD and AS might be RPS6KA1, whereas SERPINA3 is the most closely related gene for NASH and AS. We believe that further exploration of these core genes will reveal the etiology and a pathological relationship between NAFLD and AS.PMID:38606153 | PMC:PMC11007109 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2024.1322102 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lihong Wang Wenhui He Xilin Wang Jianrong Wang Xiaojuan Wei Dongzhi Wu Yundan Wu Source Type: research
Effect of EDTA with porous balloon on calcified lesion: An atherosclerotic cadaver study
CONCLUSION: EDTA-3Na/H2O or EDTA-2Na/H2O with longer circulation times resulted in greater calcium reduction in atherosclerotic lesion. EDTA may have a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of atherosclerotic calcified lesions.PMID:38606477 | DOI:10.1002/ccd.31052 (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kenji Kawai Anna Madra Rika Kawakami Yu Sato Takao Konishi Tatsuya Shiraki Teruo Sekimoto Takamasa Tanaka Renu Virmani Aloke V Finn Source Type: research
No-touch saphenous vein: current understanding of the conduit 'less handled'
Curr Opin Cardiol. 2024 Apr 5. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000001149. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEW: The no-touch technique is an established method to harvest the saphenous vein (NT-SV), which is the most commonly used conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. Herein, we summarize the foundational evidence, as well as highlight recent innovations and ongoing clinical trials involving NT-SV.RECENT FINDINGS: Through preservation of perivascular tissue for atraumatic handling and omission of manual distension, the NT-SV maintains endothelial nitrous oxide synthase levels and experiences less vascular smooth m...
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mimi X Deng Grace S Lee Dominique Vervoort Stephen E Fremes Source Type: research
Dual pathway antithrombotic treatment and risk reduction in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - a real-world perspective
The persisting risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events despite reaching targets for known CVD risk factor such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure, glycemia, and body weight is summarized as residual CVD risk. Conditions that may contribute to a residual CVD risk include inflammation, pro-thrombotic imbalance of the coagulation system, and metabolic pathways. These risk modifiers that are usually underrecognized and not addressed in clinical practice may contribute to recurrent cardiovascular events. (Source: Atherosclerosis)
Source: Atherosclerosis - April 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Johann Auer, Lisa Auer Source Type: research
