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The effects of kilovoltage (kV) and milliampere seconds (mAs) values for SPECT attenuation correction: An anthropomorphic phantom study
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 26;204:111118. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111118. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe purpose of SPECT/CT imaging to be used in dosimetric calculations is to perform accurate attenuation correction by giving the patient the minimum radiation dose. in accordance with ALARA principles (as low as reasonably achievable), it is critical to limit the amount of radiation given to the patient as far as possible in medical fields where radiation therapy is applied. The goal of this study is to determine the optimum kV and mAs values needed to keep the radiation dose that can be given to the patient in CT ...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - December 2, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Bilal Kovan Source Type: research

Three topologies of deep neural networks for pulse height extraction
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 30;204:111137. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111137. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPulse shaping is a common technique for optimizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in particle detectors. Although analog or digital linear shapers are typically used for this purpose, there are nonlinear approaches, such as neural networks (NN), which have demonstrated their potential to outperform linear ones. Their nonlinear nature makes it possible to optimize the SNR of incoming pulses and extract diverse information, such as particle type and energy, with extremely short shaping time to avoid crowding. This paper ...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - December 2, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Alberto Regad ío J Ignacio Garc ía Tejedor Luis Esteban Sebasti án Sánchez-Prieto Source Type: research

Measurement of Isfahan heavy water zero-power reactor kinetic parameters using advanced pulsed neutron source method in a near critical state
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 27;204:111126. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111126. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe pulsed neutron source (PNS) technique was used to determine the prompt neutron decay constant for two different lattice pitches in the HWZPR heavy water zero power reactor. The results were compared to the variance-to-mean ratio (VTM) method. The neutron mean generation time was also calculated for both pitches, and the results were compared to previous Monte Carlo calculations. The findings of this research can be used as a benchmark nuclear codes to validate kinetic parameters.PMID:38039828 | DOI:10.1016/j.apr...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - December 1, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Z Nasr M Iravani J Mokhtari Source Type: research

A benchmark for Monte Carlo simulations in gamma-ray spectrometry Part II: True coincidence summing correction factors
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 21;204:111109. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111109. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe goal of this study is to provide a benchmark for the use of Monte Carlo simulation when applied to coincidence summing corrections. The examples are based on simple geometries: two types of germanium detectors and four kinds of sources, to mimic eight typical measurement conditions. The coincidence corrective factors are computed for four radionuclides. The exercise input files and calculation results with practical recommendations are made available for new users on a dedicated webpage.PMID:38029636 | DOI:10.10...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: M-C L épy C Thiam M Anagnostakis C Cosar A de Blas H Dikmen M A Duch R Galea M L Ganea S Hurtado K Karfopoulos A Luca G Lutter I Mitsios H Persson C Potiriadis S R öttger N Salpadimos M I Savva O Sima T T Thanh R W Townson A Vargas T Vasilopoulou L Verh Source Type: research

Impact of high energy photons on physical, structural and magnetic properties of Mn 0.65 Zn 0.35 Fe 2-x Nd x O 4 nanoparticles
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 19;204:111112. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111112. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUltrafine powders of Nd+3 doped Mn-Zn ferrite powders with composition Mn0.65Zn0.35Fe2-xNdxO4 (x = 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) were prepared using the combustion method of preparation. Monophasic nanoparticle formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The particle size was determined using a Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The nanopowders were investigated for their physical, structural, and magnetic properties and then radiated with gamma photons obtained from Co60 source with a dose of 500Gy, 750Gy and 1000Gy. Th...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Pranav P Naik Sher Singh Meena Pramod Bhatt Diptesh Naik Rahul Singhal Source Type: research

Evaluating dose distributions of high dose rate 60 Co brachytherapy in an asymmetric tumor: A comparison of different designs of vaginal cylindrical applicators
In conclusion, this work suggests using a new design of a cylindrical applicator to enhance the therapeutic ratio of brachytherapy for asymmetric and irregularly shaped vaginal tumors.PMID:38029638 | DOI:10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111124 (Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes)
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Hayder Adil Aloraibi Zahra Siavashpour Mahdi Ghorbani Marzieh Abtahi Hussam Jassim Somayeh Gholami Source Type: research

TCAD simulations of internal amplification in high purity germanium detectors
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 22;204:111120. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111120. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSimulations of internal amplification processes in high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors for gamma radiation are presented. The Synopsys Sentaurus Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) package was employed to study conditions favourable to charge multiplication within volume of the detector. The physics model was developed, and validated where possible against known results from existing literature. The model was then applied to a new detector and a systematic study of the measurable parameters influencing charge...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: D Maneuski V Gostilo Source Type: research

Latent variable modeling of gamma-ray background in repeated measurements
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov 23;204:111119. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111119. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWe propose a novel approach for background subtraction in repeated gamma-ray spectrometric measurements. This entirely data-driven method eliminates the need for Monte Carlo detector simulation. To accomplish this, we utilized the framework of Latent Variable Modeling, incorporating various matrix factorization techniques and artificial neural networks. Subsequently, we applied this method to estimate radionuclide activity through spectrum unmixing. Significant improvements in sensitivity, surpassing traditional met...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Miroslav H ýža Lenka Dragounov á Mahulena Ko řistková Source Type: research

Development of an event-by-event based Li-ZnS(Ag) neutron imaging detector with selective neutron detection capability
Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Oct 28;204:111084. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111084. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh sensitivity and high resolution is desired in such technologies as neutron radiography. However, the contamination of gamma photons in neutron images decreases the accuracy of neutron radiography. To solve this problem, we developed an event-by-event based neutron imaging system that can selectively detect neutrons. The developed neutron imaging system consists of an Li-ZnS(Ag) scintillator plate optically coupled to a flat panel photomultiplier tube (FP-PMT) with a light guide. Scintillation light emitted from...
Source: Applied Radiation and Isotopes - November 28, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Seiichi Yamamoto Masao Yoshino Kohei Nakanishi Kei Kamada Akira Yoshikawa Hiroki Tanaka Jun Kataoka Source Type: research