Osteocalcin: A Multifaceted Bone-Derived Hormone
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:55-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091348.ABSTRACTTogether, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism ...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gerard Karsenty Source Type: research
Current Knowledge About the Impact of Maternal and Infant Nutrition on the Development of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:251-278. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025355.ABSTRACTThe prenatal and early postnatal periods are stages during which dynamic changes and the development of the brain and gut microbiota occur, and nutrition is one of the most important modifiable factors that influences this process. Given the bidirectional cross talk between the gut microbiota and the brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), there is growing interest in evaluating the potential effects of nutritional interventions administered during these critical developmental windows on gut microbiota composition and functio...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tom ás Cerdó Ana Nieto-Ru íz Jos é Antonio García-Santos Anna Rodr íguez-Pöhnlein Mar ía García-Ricobaraza Antonio Su árez Mercedes G Berm údez Cristina Campoy Source Type: research
Nutrition in the Age of Precision and Systems Biology
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:v-vi. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nu-43-062723-100001.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37603432 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-nu-43-062723-100001 (Source: Annual Review of Nutrition)
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rudi Balling Patrick J Stover Source Type: research
Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:385-407. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025153.ABSTRACTAs dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to the multifactorial risk profile of disease and inherent population heterogeneity in the diet-disease relationship. Diet is a primary driver of chronic disease risk, and population-based guidance should account for individual responses. Cascading effects on evidentiary standards for population-based guidance are not straightforward. Precision remains a considera...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Regan L Bailey Patrick J Stover Source Type: research
Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:153-177. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091507.ABSTRACTGluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using data from experiments using isotopic tracer and spectroscopy methodologies. These in vitro, animal, and human studies provide insights into...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ankit Shah Fredric E Wondisford Source Type: research
The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:301-325. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-085246.ABSTRACTThe placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition). Over gestation, the placenta must adapt to these variable nutrient supplies, to alterations in maternal physiology and blood flow, and to dynamic changes in fetal growt...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kimberly O'Brien Yiqin Wang Source Type: research
Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:101-122. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407.ABSTRACTRiboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B6, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Helene McNulty Kristina Pentieva Mary Ward Source Type: research
Osteocalcin: A Multifaceted Bone-Derived Hormone
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:55-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091348.ABSTRACTTogether, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism ...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gerard Karsenty Source Type: research
Current Knowledge About the Impact of Maternal and Infant Nutrition on the Development of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:251-278. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025355.ABSTRACTThe prenatal and early postnatal periods are stages during which dynamic changes and the development of the brain and gut microbiota occur, and nutrition is one of the most important modifiable factors that influences this process. Given the bidirectional cross talk between the gut microbiota and the brain through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), there is growing interest in evaluating the potential effects of nutritional interventions administered during these critical developmental windows on gut microbiota composition and functio...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tom ás Cerdó Ana Nieto-Ru íz Jos é Antonio García-Santos Anna Rodr íguez-Pöhnlein Mar ía García-Ricobaraza Antonio Su árez Mercedes G Berm údez Cristina Campoy Source Type: research
Nutrition in the Age of Precision and Systems Biology
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:v-vi. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nu-43-062723-100001.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37603432 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-nu-43-062723-100001 (Source: Annual Review of Nutrition)
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rudi Balling Patrick J Stover Source Type: research
Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:385-407. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061021-025153.ABSTRACTAs dietary guidance for populations shifts from preventing deficiency disorders to chronic disease risk reduction, the biology supporting such guidance becomes more complex due to the multifactorial risk profile of disease and inherent population heterogeneity in the diet-disease relationship. Diet is a primary driver of chronic disease risk, and population-based guidance should account for individual responses. Cascading effects on evidentiary standards for population-based guidance are not straightforward. Precision remains a considera...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Regan L Bailey Patrick J Stover Source Type: research
Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:153-177. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091507.ABSTRACTGluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using data from experiments using isotopic tracer and spectroscopy methodologies. These in vitro, animal, and human studies provide insights into...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ankit Shah Fredric E Wondisford Source Type: research
The Placenta: A Maternofetal Interface
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:301-325. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-085246.ABSTRACTThe placenta is the gatekeeper between the mother and the fetus. Over the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus is nourished by uterine gland secretions in a process known as histiotrophic nutrition. During the second trimester of pregnancy, placentation has evolved to the point at which nutrients are delivered to the placenta via maternal blood (hemotrophic nutrition). Over gestation, the placenta must adapt to these variable nutrient supplies, to alterations in maternal physiology and blood flow, and to dynamic changes in fetal growt...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kimberly O'Brien Yiqin Wang Source Type: research
Causes and Clinical Sequelae of Riboflavin Deficiency
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:101-122. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-084407.ABSTRACTRiboflavin, in its cofactor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), plays fundamental roles in energy metabolism, cellular antioxidant potential, and metabolic interactions with other micronutrients, including iron, vitamin B6, and folate. Severe riboflavin deficiency, largely confined to low-income countries, clinically manifests as cheilosis, angular stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and severe anemia with erythroid hypoplasia. Subclinical deficiency may be much more widespread, including in...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Helene McNulty Kristina Pentieva Mary Ward Source Type: research
Osteocalcin: A Multifaceted Bone-Derived Hormone
Annu Rev Nutr. 2023 Aug 21;43:55-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091348.ABSTRACTTogether, loss- and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following its binding to one of three receptors, osteocalcin exerts a profound influence on various aspects of energy metabolism as well as steroidogenesis, neurotransmitter biosynthesis and thereby male fertility, electrolyte homeostasis, cognition, the acute stress response, and exercise capacity. Although this review focuses mostly on the regulation of energy metabolism ...
Source: Annual Review of Nutrition - August 21, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gerard Karsenty Source Type: research
