Recent Advances in Understanding the Human Fungal Pathogen Hypoxia Response in Disease Progression
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:403-425. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745.ABSTRACTFungal-mediated disease progression and antifungal drug efficacy are significantly impacted by the dynamic infection microenvironment. At the site of infection, oxygen often becomes limiting and induces a hypoxia response in both the fungal pathogen and host cells. The fungal hypoxia response impacts several important aspects of fungal biology that contribute to pathogenesis, virulence, antifungal drug susceptibility, and ultimately infection outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mech...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Charles Puerner Sandeep Vellanki Julianne L Strauch Robert A Cramer Source Type: research
Structural Insights into Type III Secretion Systems of the Bacterial Flagellum and Injectisome
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:669-698. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025503.ABSTRACTTwo of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines-the broadly disseminated rotary flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell-puncturing injectisome essential to specific pathogenic species-utilize at their core a conserved export machinery called the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS not only secretes the components that self-assemble into their extracellular appendages but also, in the case of the injectisome, subsequently directly translocates modulating effector proteins from the bacterial cell...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Liam J Worrall Dorothy D Majewski Natalie C J Strynadka Source Type: research
License to Clump: Secretory IgA Structure-Function Relationships Across Scales
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:645-668. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-041803.ABSTRACTSecretory antibodies are the only component of our adaptive immune system capable of attacking mucosal pathogens topologically outside of our bodies. All secretory antibody classes are (a) relatively resistant to harsh proteolytic environments and (b) polymeric. Recent elucidation of the structure of secretory IgA (SIgA) has begun to shed light on SIgA functions at the nanoscale. We can now begin to unravel the structure-function relationships of these molecules, for example, by understanding how the bent conformation of SIgA enabl...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alyson Hockenberry Emma Slack Beth M Stadtmueller Source Type: research
Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The < em > Listeria < /em > Paradigm
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:1-22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841.ABSTRACTMy scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.PMID:...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pascale Cossart Source Type: research
Microbiome Assembly in Fermented Foods
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:381-402. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-041956.ABSTRACTFor thousands of years, humans have enjoyed the novel flavors, increased shelf-life, and nutritional benefits that microbes provide in fermented foods and beverages. Recent sequencing surveys of ferments have mapped patterns of microbial diversity across space, time, and production practices. But a mechanistic understanding of how fermented food microbiomes assemble has only recently begun to emerge. Using three foods as case studies (surface-ripened cheese, sourdough starters, and fermented vegetables), we use an ecological and ev...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nicolas L Louw Kasturi Lele Ruby Ye Collin B Edwards Benjamin E Wolfe Source Type: research
Frameworks for Interpreting the Early Fossil Record of Eukaryotes
We present two end-member models for the evolution of modern (i.e., crown) eukaryotes-one in which modern eukaryotes evolved early, and another in which they evolved late-and interpret key fossils within these frameworks, including where they might fit in eukaryote phylogeny and what they may tell us about the evolution of eukaryotic cell biology and ecology. Each model has different implications for understanding the rise of complex life on Earth, including different roles of Earth surface oxygenation, and makes different predictions that future paleontological studies can test.PMID:37713454 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-03...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Susannah M Porter Leigh Anne Riedman Source Type: research
Collab or Cancel? Bacterial Influencers of Inflammasome Signaling
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:451-477. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-024017.ABSTRACTThe immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific strategies to target immune defense mechanisms. One such defense is the formation of intracellular protein complexes, termed inflammasomes, that are triggered by the detection of microbial components and the disruption of homeostatic processes that occur during bacterial infection. Formation of active inflammasomes initiates programmed cell death pathways vi...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Beatrice I Herrmann James P Grayczyk Igor E Brodsky Source Type: research
Electron Transfer Beyond the Outer Membrane: Putting Electrons to Rest
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:517-539. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032221-023725.ABSTRACTExtracellular electron transfer (EET) is the physiological process that enables the reduction or oxidation of molecules and minerals beyond the surface of a microbial cell. The first bacteria characterized with this capability were Shewanella and Geobacter, both reported to couple their growth to the reduction of iron or manganese oxide minerals located extracellularly. A key difference between EET and nearly every other respiratory activity on Earth is the need to transfer electrons beyond the cell membrane. The past decade has re...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: J A Gralnick D R Bond Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Understanding the Human Fungal Pathogen Hypoxia Response in Disease Progression
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:403-425. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-021745.ABSTRACTFungal-mediated disease progression and antifungal drug efficacy are significantly impacted by the dynamic infection microenvironment. At the site of infection, oxygen often becomes limiting and induces a hypoxia response in both the fungal pathogen and host cells. The fungal hypoxia response impacts several important aspects of fungal biology that contribute to pathogenesis, virulence, antifungal drug susceptibility, and ultimately infection outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the molecular mech...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Charles Puerner Sandeep Vellanki Julianne L Strauch Robert A Cramer Source Type: research
Structural Insights into Type III Secretion Systems of the Bacterial Flagellum and Injectisome
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:669-698. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025503.ABSTRACTTwo of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines-the broadly disseminated rotary flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell-puncturing injectisome essential to specific pathogenic species-utilize at their core a conserved export machinery called the type III secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS not only secretes the components that self-assemble into their extracellular appendages but also, in the case of the injectisome, subsequently directly translocates modulating effector proteins from the bacterial cell...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Liam J Worrall Dorothy D Majewski Natalie C J Strynadka Source Type: research
License to Clump: Secretory IgA Structure-Function Relationships Across Scales
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:645-668. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-041803.ABSTRACTSecretory antibodies are the only component of our adaptive immune system capable of attacking mucosal pathogens topologically outside of our bodies. All secretory antibody classes are (a) relatively resistant to harsh proteolytic environments and (b) polymeric. Recent elucidation of the structure of secretory IgA (SIgA) has begun to shed light on SIgA functions at the nanoscale. We can now begin to unravel the structure-function relationships of these molecules, for example, by understanding how the bent conformation of SIgA enabl...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Alyson Hockenberry Emma Slack Beth M Stadtmueller Source Type: research
Raising a Bacterium to the Rank of a Model System: The < em > Listeria < /em > Paradigm
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:1-22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-110422-112841.ABSTRACTMy scientific career has resulted from key decisions and reorientations, sometimes taken rapidly but not always, guided by discussions or collaborations with amazing individuals from whom I learnt a lot scientifically and humanly. I had never anticipated that I would accomplish so much in what appeared as terra incognita when I started to interrogate the mechanisms underlying the virulence of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. All this has been possible thanks to a number of talented team members who ultimately became friends.PMID:...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pascale Cossart Source Type: research
Microbiome Assembly in Fermented Foods
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:381-402. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-041956.ABSTRACTFor thousands of years, humans have enjoyed the novel flavors, increased shelf-life, and nutritional benefits that microbes provide in fermented foods and beverages. Recent sequencing surveys of ferments have mapped patterns of microbial diversity across space, time, and production practices. But a mechanistic understanding of how fermented food microbiomes assemble has only recently begun to emerge. Using three foods as case studies (surface-ripened cheese, sourdough starters, and fermented vegetables), we use an ecological and ev...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nicolas L Louw Kasturi Lele Ruby Ye Collin B Edwards Benjamin E Wolfe Source Type: research
Frameworks for Interpreting the Early Fossil Record of Eukaryotes
We present two end-member models for the evolution of modern (i.e., crown) eukaryotes-one in which modern eukaryotes evolved early, and another in which they evolved late-and interpret key fossils within these frameworks, including where they might fit in eukaryote phylogeny and what they may tell us about the evolution of eukaryotic cell biology and ecology. Each model has different implications for understanding the rise of complex life on Earth, including different roles of Earth surface oxygenation, and makes different predictions that future paleontological studies can test.PMID:37713454 | DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-03...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Susannah M Porter Leigh Anne Riedman Source Type: research
Collab or Cancel? Bacterial Influencers of Inflammasome Signaling
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2023 Sep 15;77:451-477. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-024017.ABSTRACTThe immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific strategies to target immune defense mechanisms. One such defense is the formation of intracellular protein complexes, termed inflammasomes, that are triggered by the detection of microbial components and the disruption of homeostatic processes that occur during bacterial infection. Formation of active inflammasomes initiates programmed cell death pathways vi...
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology - September 15, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Beatrice I Herrmann James P Grayczyk Igor E Brodsky Source Type: research
