Immunohistochemical field parcellation of the human hippocampus along its antero-posterior axis
This study provides novel insights for a detaile d region-specific parcellation of the human hippocampus useful for human brain imaging and neuropathology. (Source: Anatomy and Embryology)
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 5, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Somatotopic organization of the ventral nuclear group of the dorsal thalamus: deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain reveals new insights into the facial homunculus
AbstractDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an experimental treatment for medication-refractory neuropathic pain. The ventral posteromedial (VPM) and ventral posterolateral (VPL) nuclei of the thalamus are popular targets for the treatment of facial and limb pain, respectively. While intraoperative testing is used to adjust targeting of patient-specific pain locations, a better understanding of thalamic somatotopy may improve targeting of specific body regions including the individual trigeminal territories, face, arm, and leg. To elucidate the somatotopic organization of the ventral nuclear group of the dorsal thalamus using ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 4, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Ketamine ameliorates activity-based anorexia of adolescent female mice through changes in GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors at postsynaptic cytoplasmic locations of pyramidal neurons and interneurons of medial prefrontal cortex
AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illness with high rates of mortality and relapse, and no approved pharmacotherapy. Using the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model of AN, we previously showed that a single sub-anesthetic intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (30 mg/kg-KET, but not 3 mg/kg-KET), has an immediate and long-lasting effect of reducing anorexia-like behavior among adolescent female mice. We also showed previously that excitatory outflow from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) engages hunger-evoked hyperactivity, leading to the ABA condition of se vere weight loss. Ketamine is known to target GluN2B-contai...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 3, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Altered brain function and structure in carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of structural and functional brain imaging
AbstractThis systematic review with a meta-analysis aimed to identify the altered brain structure and function in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by summarizing the literature about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) outcomes compared to healthy controls (HC). CTS is the most common nerve entrapment in the arm associated with altered peripheral and central nociceptive system. PRISMA guidelines were used to report the outcomes. Six databases were searched for relevant literature (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Sage, EBSCO host, and Cochrane). Eligib...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 2, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Inter-brain neural mechanism and influencing factors underlying different cooperative behaviors: a hyperscanning study
AbstractCooperative behavior is a vital social interaction which plays a vital role in improving human survival and reproduction. However, few empirical studies have examined the differences between cooperative behaviors and the underlying neural substrates. In the present study, the brain activity of familiar dyads of the same sex was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during three cooperative tasks (cooperative button-press, tangram, and Jenga tasks). We also measured the dyads ’ empathic abilities and personality traits to investigate the relationships between individual characteristics and neural ma...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - January 1, 2024 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Network-based statistics distinguish anomic and Broca ’s aphasia
This study aims to identify differences in resting-state functional connectivity between anomic and Broca ’s aphasia measured through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).MethodsWe used the network-based statistic (NBS) method, as well as voxel- and connectome-based lesion symptom mapping (V-, CLSM), to identify distinct neural correlates of the anomic and Broca ’s groups. To control for lesion effect, we included lesion volume as a covariate in both the NBS method and LSM.ResultsNBS identified a subnetwork located in the dorsal language stream bilaterally, including supramarginal gyrus, primar...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 30, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Changes in microstructural similarity of hippocampal subfield circuits in pathological cognitive aging
AbstractThe hippocampal networks support multiple cognitive functions and may have biological roles and functions in pathological cognitive aging (PCA) and its associated diseases, which have not been explored. In the current study, a total of 116 older adults with 39 normal controls (NC) (mean age: 52.3 ± 13.64 years; 16 females), 39 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (mean age: 68.15 ± 9.28 years, 14 females), and 38 dementia (mean age: 73.82 ± 8.06 years, 8 females) were included. The within-hippocampal subfields and the cortico-hippocampal circuits were assessed via a micro-struc tural similarity networ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 26, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
rTMS over the human medial parietal cortex impairs online reaching corrections
This study provides evidence of the functional relevance of hV6A in action reprogramming while a sudden event requires a change in performance and shows that hV6A also plays a role in state estimation during reaching. These findings are in line with neurological data showing impairments in actions performed along the distance dimension when lesions occur in the dorsal posterior parietal cortex. (Source: Anatomy and Embryology)
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 23, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Multivariate investigation of aging in mouse models expressing the Alzheimer ’s protective APOE2 allele: integrating cognitive metrics, brain imaging, and blood transcriptomics
AbstractAPOE allelic variation is critical in brain aging and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). The APOE2 allele associated with cognitive resilience and neuroprotection against AD remains understudied. We employed a multipronged approach to characterize the transition from middle to old age in mice with APOE2 allele, using behavioral assessments, image-derived morphometry a nd diffusion metrics, structural connectomics, and blood transcriptomics. We used sparse multiple canonical correlation analyses (SMCCA) for integrative modeling, and graph neural network predictions. Our results revealed brain sub-networks associated with ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 13, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Mutual information of multiple rhythms in schizophrenia
In this study, we investigated multiple oscillatory interactions in schizophrenia using a novel approach based on information theory. This method allowed us to investigate interactions from a new perspective, where two or more rhythm interactions could be analyzed at the same time. We calculated the mutual information of multiple rhythms (MIMR) for EEG segments registered in resting state. Following previous studies, we focused on rhythm interactions between theta, alpha, and gamma. The results showed that, in general, MIMR was higher in patients than in controls for alpha –gamma and theta–gamma couplings. This finding...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 13, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
Twelve weeks of physical exercise breaks with coordinative exercises at the workplace increase the sulcal depth and decrease gray matter volume in brain structures related to visuomotor processes
AbstractPhysical exercise can evoke changes in the brain structure. Consequently, these can lead to positive impacts on brain health. However, physical exercise studies including coordinative exercises are rare. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how 12 weeks of physical exercise breaks (PEBs) with coordinative exercises, focusing mainly on juggling tasks, affected the brain structure. The participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG,n = 16; 42.8 ± 10.2 years) and a control group (CG,n = 9; 44.2 ± 12.3 years). The IG performed the PEBs with coordinative exercises twice per ...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 9, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research
