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Optimization of lung ventilation and perfusion in anesthetized horses using a ventilation mode with flow-limited expiration
Am J Vet Res. 2023 Dec 18:1-8. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.23.09.0200. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the improved arterial oxygenation described with flow-limited expiration (FLEX) ventilation in anesthetized horses.ANIMALS: 5 healthy adult research horses.METHODS: Horses underwent volume-controlled ventilation for 60 minutes (VCV1), followed by 60 minutes of FLEX, and 30 minutes of VCV (VCV2). Main outcomes included the arterial partial pressure of oxygen-to-Fio2 (PF) ratio and electrical impedance tomography (EIT)-derived functional indices at the end of each phase. The EIT data ...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Joaquin Araos Bernd Driessen Jerrianne Brandly Emma Gorenberg Paul Heerdt Alejandro Bruhn Manuel Martin-Flores Andy Adler Klaus Hopster Source Type: research

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce anion secretion and increase apoptosis in equine colonic mucosa ex vivo
This study was designed to determine if NSAIDs could inhibit anion transporters that protect against intestinal mucosal injury in other species.ANIMALS: 20 healthy horses.METHODS: The effects of indomethacin (INDO) and firocoxib (FIR), on short-circuit current (Isc) in mucosa from the right dorsal colon (RDC) and right ventral colon (RVC) were measured in Ussing chambers by standard electrophysiological techniques. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect apoptosis (caspase-3) with these NSAIDs and phenylbutazone (PBZ) and to locate the NKCC1 transporter.RESULTS: The Isc in RDC and RVC incubated with INDO or FIR was...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ruethaiwan Vinijkumthorn Anje G Bauck Sadasivan Vidyasagar David E Freeman Source Type: research

Exercising sheep as a preclinical model for musculoskeletal research
Am J Vet Res. 2023 Dec 22:1-8. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.23.09.0209. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To establish an orthopedic, preclinical, ovine model of controlled exercise using an equine walker.ANIMALS: 20 Dorset-Polypay sheep.PROCEDURES: Sheep underwent 11 weeks of exercise, 4 days per week. Exercise duration and intensity increased until sheep performed 25 minutes at 1.3 m/s and 5 min at 2.0 m/s. Physical/lameness examinations were conducted every 14 days. Blood was collected every 28 days for analysis of serum bone biomarkers (SBB): bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (P...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Fernando B Vergara-Hernandez Brian D Nielsen Char L Panek Cara I Robison Aimee C Colbath Source Type: research

Ex vivo study shows novel, rapid, suture-free tenotomy technique for the equine deep digital flexor tendon
Am J Vet Res. 2023 Dec 22:1-6. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.23.09.0215. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To describe the feasibility of a novel thread-transecting technique for the tenotomy of the equine deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT).ANIMALS: 39 equine distal limb specimens.METHODS: Under ultrasonographic guidance, a surgical thread was percutaneously placed around the DDFT through 2 needle punctures (lateral and medial) using a Tuohy needle in equine limbs (22 forelimbs, 17 hindlimbs). The DDFT was transected by a back-and-forth motion of the thread until the loop emerged from the entry puncture site. Each specimen was d...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Diego De Gasperi Marcelo S El Azzi Jo ão Paulo N Martins Sabrina H Brounts Source Type: research

An in vitro larval motility assay characterizes anthelmintic efficacy against Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
This study determined the in vitro efficacy of 6 common anthelmintics (eprinomectin, ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin, and fenbendazole) on motility (viability) of infectious third-stage larvae (L3) of Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, which are important causes of canine and feline cardiopulmonary disease.SAMPLES: First-stage larvae (L1) from C vulpis, An vasorum, and Ae abstrusus.PROCEDURES: Naïve Limax maximus slugs were fed 1,000 to 2,000 L1 and held at 16 °C for at least 4 weeks to produce live L3. Approximately 50 to 100 L3/well were subsequently incubate...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Haifaa A Mahjoub Daniela Bedenice Henrik Stryhn Jenny Yu Spencer J Greenwood Gary A Conboy Source Type: research

Commercially available wearable health monitor in dogs is unreliable for tracking energy intake and expenditure
Am J Vet Res. 2023 Dec 22:1-8. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.23.10.0242. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Assess the accuracy of predicted daily energy requirement (pDER) reported by a triaxial accelerometer and activity monitor for dogs (FitBark 2; FitBark Inc) and determine whether the activity monitor accurately estimates the observed daily energy requirement (oDER). We hypothesized that the activity monitor would accurately estimate oDER in dogs and meet standards established for human devices.ANIMALS: 23 dogs between the ages of 1 and 10 years and variable sex, breed, and body weight were enrolled from May 5, 2021, throug...
Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research - December 18, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Maya Sekhar Adam J Rudinsky Connor Cashman Valerie J Parker Nina R Kieves James Howard Jenessa Winston Source Type: research