Acute Nasal Breathing Lowers Diastolic Blood Pressure and Increases Parasympathetic Contributions to Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that nasal compared with oral breathing acutely 1) lowers mean and diastolic BP, 2) does not affect systolic BP or heart rate, and 3) increases parasympathetic contributions to HRV.PMID:37867476 | DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023 (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Joseph C Watso Jens N Cuba Savannah L Boutwell Justine Moss Allison K Bowerfind Isabela M Fernandez Jessica M Cassette Allyson M May Katherine F Kirk Source Type: research

Maturation of Lipid Metabolism in the Fetal and Newborn Sheep Heart
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 23. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00122.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAt birth, the fetus experiences a dramatic change in environment which is accompanied by a shift in myocardial fuel preference from lactate and glucose in fetal life to fatty acid oxidation after birth. We hypothesized that fatty acid metabolic machinery would mature during fetal life in preparation for this extreme metabolic transformation at birth. We quantified the pre- (94-day and 135-day gestation, term ~147 days) and post-natal (5±4 days postnatal) gene expression and protein levels for fatty acid tran...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Rachel R Drake Samantha Louey Kent L Thornburg Source Type: research

The expression of cholesterol synthesis and steroidogenic markers in females of the Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii) during pre-spawning and pre-hibernation
In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of the markers that are involved in the de novo steroid synthesis pathway in the oviduct of R. dybowskii during pre-spawning and pre-hibernation. According to histological analysis, the oviduct of R. dybowskii contains epithelial cells, glandular cells, and tubule lumens. During pre-hibernation, oviductal pipe diameter and weight were significantly larger than during pre-spawning. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR), Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzym...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Yuan Chen Yuning Liu Yankun Wang Yue Zhang Wenqian Xie Haolin Zhang Qiang Weng Meiyu Xu Source Type: research

Two oscillatory components detected by forced splitting of the sleep-wake cycle in humans
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 23. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe sleep-wake cycle of human subjects was artificially split into two episodes by imposing an 8-h light and 4-h dark cycle (LD 8:4) twice a day for 7 days, which was followed by a 3 day free-running session. Sleep was permitted only in the dark period. The subjects in the ordinary group were exposed to ordinary light (ca. 500 lux) in the 8-h light period, and those in the bright light group to bright (ca. 5,000 lux) and ordinary light alternatively with bright light after the 1st dark period (24:00 - 4:00 h)...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Satoko Hashimoto Takuro Endo Sato Honma Yujiro Yamanaka Ken-Ichi Honma Source Type: research

Dual color miniscope imaging of microvessels and neuronal activity in the hippocampus CA1 region of freely moving mice following alcohol administration
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 23. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00044.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTModerate-to-heavy episodic ("binge") drinking is the most common form of alcohol consumption in the United States. Alcohol at binge drinking concentrations reduces brain artery diameter in vivo and in vitro in many species including rats, mice and humans. Despite the critical role played by brain vessels in maintaining neuronal function, there is a shortage of methodologies to simultaneously assess neuron and blood vessel function in deep brain regions. Here, we investigate cerebrovascular responses to ethano...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Kelsey North Steven Mysiewicz Anna N Bukiya Alex M Dopico Source Type: research

Acute Nasal Breathing Lowers Diastolic Blood Pressure and Increases Parasympathetic Contributions to Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that nasal compared with oral breathing acutely 1) lowers mean and diastolic BP, 2) does not affect systolic BP or heart rate, and 3) increases parasympathetic contributions to HRV.PMID:37867476 | DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023 (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology)
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 23, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Joseph C Watso Jens N Cuba Savannah L Boutwell Justine Moss Allison K Bowerfind Isabela M Fernandez Jessica M Cassette Allyson M May Katherine F Kirk Source Type: research

An Oral glucose tolerance test does not affect cerebral blood flow: role of NOS
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00169.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAnimal data indicate that insulin triggers a robust nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated dilation in cerebral arteries similar to the peripheral tissue vasodilation observed in healthy adults. Insulin's role in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans remains unclear but may be important for understanding the links between insulin resistance, diminished CBF, and poor brain health outcomes. We tested the hypothesis an oral glucose challenge (OGTT), which increases systemic insulin and glucose, would acut...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Katrina J Carter Aaron T Ward Awni Al-Subu Allen D Wilson Erika L Zevin Ronald C Serlin Marlowe Eldridge Oliver Wieben William G Schrage Source Type: research

Obesity does not alter vascular function and handgrip exercise hemodynamics in middle-aged patients with hypertension
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLifestyle modification including exercise training is often the first line of defense in the treatment of obesity and hypertension (HTN), however, little is known regarding how these potentially compounding disease states impact vasodilatory and hemodynamic responses at baseline and exercise. Therefore, this study sought to compare the impact of obesity on vascular function and hemodynamics at baseline and during handgrip (HG) exercise among individuals with HTN. Non-Obese (13M/7F, 56±16y, 25±4kg/m2) and Ob...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Stephen M Ratchford Ryan M Broxterman D Taylor La Salle Oh Sung Kwon Paul N Hopkins Russell S Richardson Joel D Trinity Source Type: research

The Effect of Heat Stress on Heat Shock Protein Expression and Hypertrophy Related Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle of Trained Individuals
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMuscle mass is balanced between hypertrophy and atrophy by cellular processes, including activation of the Akt-mTOR signaling cascade. Stressors apart from exercise and nutrition, such as heat stress, can stimulate the heat shock protein A (HSPA) and C (HSPC) families alongside hypertrophic signaling factors and muscle growth. The effects of heat stress on HSP expression and Akt-mTOR activation in human skeletal muscle, and their magnitude of activation compared to known hypertrophic stimuli is unclear. Here ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Zachary J Fennel Jeremy B Ducharme Quint N Berkemeier Jonathan W Specht Zachary J McKenna Shandy E Simpson Roberto C Nava Kurt A Escobar Paul S Hafen Michael R Deyhle Fabiano T Amorim Christine M Mermier Source Type: research

An Oral glucose tolerance test does not affect cerebral blood flow: role of NOS
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00169.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAnimal data indicate that insulin triggers a robust nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated dilation in cerebral arteries similar to the peripheral tissue vasodilation observed in healthy adults. Insulin's role in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans remains unclear but may be important for understanding the links between insulin resistance, diminished CBF, and poor brain health outcomes. We tested the hypothesis an oral glucose challenge (OGTT), which increases systemic insulin and glucose, would acut...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Katrina J Carter Aaron T Ward Awni Al-Subu Allen D Wilson Erika L Zevin Ronald C Serlin Marlowe Eldridge Oliver Wieben William G Schrage Source Type: research

Obesity does not alter vascular function and handgrip exercise hemodynamics in middle-aged patients with hypertension
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLifestyle modification including exercise training is often the first line of defense in the treatment of obesity and hypertension (HTN), however, little is known regarding how these potentially compounding disease states impact vasodilatory and hemodynamic responses at baseline and exercise. Therefore, this study sought to compare the impact of obesity on vascular function and hemodynamics at baseline and during handgrip (HG) exercise among individuals with HTN. Non-Obese (13M/7F, 56±16y, 25±4kg/m2) and Ob...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Stephen M Ratchford Ryan M Broxterman D Taylor La Salle Oh Sung Kwon Paul N Hopkins Russell S Richardson Joel D Trinity Source Type: research

The Effect of Heat Stress on Heat Shock Protein Expression and Hypertrophy Related Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle of Trained Individuals
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMuscle mass is balanced between hypertrophy and atrophy by cellular processes, including activation of the Akt-mTOR signaling cascade. Stressors apart from exercise and nutrition, such as heat stress, can stimulate the heat shock protein A (HSPA) and C (HSPC) families alongside hypertrophic signaling factors and muscle growth. The effects of heat stress on HSP expression and Akt-mTOR activation in human skeletal muscle, and their magnitude of activation compared to known hypertrophic stimuli is unclear. Here ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Zachary J Fennel Jeremy B Ducharme Quint N Berkemeier Jonathan W Specht Zachary J McKenna Shandy E Simpson Roberto C Nava Kurt A Escobar Paul S Hafen Michael R Deyhle Fabiano T Amorim Christine M Mermier Source Type: research

An Oral glucose tolerance test does not affect cerebral blood flow: role of NOS
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00169.2022. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAnimal data indicate that insulin triggers a robust nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated dilation in cerebral arteries similar to the peripheral tissue vasodilation observed in healthy adults. Insulin's role in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans remains unclear but may be important for understanding the links between insulin resistance, diminished CBF, and poor brain health outcomes. We tested the hypothesis an oral glucose challenge (OGTT), which increases systemic insulin and glucose, would acut...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Katrina J Carter Aaron T Ward Awni Al-Subu Allen D Wilson Erika L Zevin Ronald C Serlin Marlowe Eldridge Oliver Wieben William G Schrage Source Type: research

Obesity does not alter vascular function and handgrip exercise hemodynamics in middle-aged patients with hypertension
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00105.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLifestyle modification including exercise training is often the first line of defense in the treatment of obesity and hypertension (HTN), however, little is known regarding how these potentially compounding disease states impact vasodilatory and hemodynamic responses at baseline and exercise. Therefore, this study sought to compare the impact of obesity on vascular function and hemodynamics at baseline and during handgrip (HG) exercise among individuals with HTN. Non-Obese (13M/7F, 56±16y, 25±4kg/m2) and Ob...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Stephen M Ratchford Ryan M Broxterman D Taylor La Salle Oh Sung Kwon Paul N Hopkins Russell S Richardson Joel D Trinity Source Type: research

The Effect of Heat Stress on Heat Shock Protein Expression and Hypertrophy Related Signaling in the Skeletal Muscle of Trained Individuals
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMuscle mass is balanced between hypertrophy and atrophy by cellular processes, including activation of the Akt-mTOR signaling cascade. Stressors apart from exercise and nutrition, such as heat stress, can stimulate the heat shock protein A (HSPA) and C (HSPC) families alongside hypertrophic signaling factors and muscle growth. The effects of heat stress on HSP expression and Akt-mTOR activation in human skeletal muscle, and their magnitude of activation compared to known hypertrophic stimuli is unclear. Here ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Zachary J Fennel Jeremy B Ducharme Quint N Berkemeier Jonathan W Specht Zachary J McKenna Shandy E Simpson Roberto C Nava Kurt A Escobar Paul S Hafen Michael R Deyhle Fabiano T Amorim Christine M Mermier Source Type: research