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GSK3 β/NF-κB dependent transcriptional regulation of homeostatic hepatocyte Tnf production
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that GSK3β and NF-κB are essential for mediating Tnf expression and constitutive hepatocyte cell growth. These findings add to a growing body of literature on TNFα mediated hepatocyte homeostasis and identify novel molecular mechanisms involved in mediating response to various disease states in the liver.PMID:38193163 | DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00229.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Maya R Grayck William C McCarthy Mack Solar Emma Golden Natarajan Balasubramaniyan Lijun Zheng Laura G Sherlock Clyde J Wright Source Type: research

Improving morphological and functional properties of enteric neuronal networks in vitro using a novel upside-down culture approach
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Jan 9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00170.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe enteric nervous system comprises millions of neurons and glia embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It not only controls important functions of the gut, but also interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota and the gut-brain-axis, thereby playing a key role in health and disease of the whole organism. Any disturbance of this intricate system is mirrored in an alteration of electrical functionality, making electrophysiological methods important tools for investigating ENS-related disorders....
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Steven Schulte Dominique Decker Bharat Nowduri Manuela Gries Anne Christmann Antoine Meyszner Holger Rabe Monika Saumer Karl Herbert Sch äfer Source Type: research

Highlights of how single-cell analyses are illuminating differentiation and disease in the gastric corpus
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Mar 1;326(3):G205-G215. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00164.2023. Epub 2024 Jan 9.ABSTRACTSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technique to identify novel cell markers, developmental trajectories, and transcriptional changes during cell differentiation and disease onset and progression. In this review, we highlight recent scRNA-seq studies of the gastric corpus in both human and murine systems that have provided insight into gastric organogenesis, identified novel markers for the various gastric lineages during development and in adults, and revealed transcript...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mahliyah Adkins-Threats Yang-Zhe Huang Jason C Mills Source Type: research

Alterations in gene expression and microbiome composition upon calcium sensing receptor deletion in the mouse esophagus
We reported previously that CaSR can be conditionally deleted in the mouse esophagus. This conditional knock-out (KO) model showed significant reduction in levels of adherens and tight junction proteins and had marked build-up of bacteria on the luminal esophageal surface. To further examine the role of CaSR, we used RNA sequencing to determine gene expression profiles in esophageal epithelia of control and conditional KO mice (EsoCaSR-/-). RNA Seq data indicated upregulation of gene sets involved in DNA replication and cell cycle in EsoCaSR-/-. This is accompanied by downregulation of gene sets involved in the innate immu...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Solange M Abdulnour-Nakhoul Jay K Kolls Eric K Flemington Nathan A Ungerleider Hani N Nakhoul Kejing Song Nazih L Nakhoul Source Type: research

An inulin-type fructan CP-A from Codonopsis pilosula alleviates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis based on serum-untargeted metabolomics
We report that an inulin-type fructan from Codonopsis pilosula CP-A exhibits a therapeutic effect on experimental colitis. Its mechanism may be to alleviate intestinal inflammation by preventing the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling pathway. These findings offer a fresh approach to treating ulcerative colitis (UC) and a theoretical foundation for the future advancement of CP-A.PMID:38193197 | DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00214.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jiangtao Zhou Jiajing Wang Deyun Li Zhijia Zhang Changjian Wang Xuepeng Zhang Xiexin Xu Jianping Gao Source Type: research

Experimental colitis-induced visceral hypersensitivity is attenuated by GABA-treatment in mice
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Jan 9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00012.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUlcerative colitis (UC) is linked with inflammation of the large intestine due to an overactive response of the colon-immune system. UC is associated with weight loss, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Given that GABA suppresses immune cell activity and the excitability of colonic afferents, and that there is a decrease in colonic GABA during UC, we hypothesized that UC-pain is due to a decrease in the inhibition of colonic afferents. Thus, restoring GABA in the colon will attenuate inflammatory hy...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Michael S Gold Emanuel Loeza-Alcocer Source Type: research

FOXO3: at the crossroads of metabolic, inflammatory, and tumorigenic remodeling in the colon
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Jan 9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor regulates the expression of genes critical for diverse cellular functions in homeostasis. Diminished FOXO3 activity is associated with human diseases such as obesity, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In the mouse colon, FOXO3 deficiency leads to an inflammatory immune landscape and dysregulated molecular pathways, which, under various insults, exacerbates inflammation and tumor burden, mimicking characteristics of human diseases. This defici...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Patricia Snarski Jenisha Ghimire Suzana D Savkovic Source Type: research

Morphological, molecular, and functional characterization of mouse glutamatergic myenteric neurons
In conclusion, VGLUT2-ENs are a functionally unique group of enteric neurons with single aborally projecting long axons that traverse multiple myenteric ganglia and are activated indirectly by colorectal mechanical stretch. This knowledge will provide a solid foundation for subsequent studies on the potential interactions of VGLUT2-EN with extrinsic colorectal afferents via glutamatergic neurotransmission.PMID:38193160 | DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00200.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jia Liu Shaopeng Zhang Sharareh Emadi Tiantian Guo Longtu Chen Bin Feng Source Type: research

Comparison of etiologic and physiologic characteristics of fecal incontinence in men and women
CONCLUSIONS: Significantly different etiologic factors and physiologic characteristics for FI were found in men. Acknowledging these differences is significant and may yield better treatment options.PMID:38193161 | DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi...)
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Reuma Margalit-Yehuda Carla Maradey-Romero Yana Davidov Edward Ram Dan Carter Source Type: research

Highlights of how single cell analyses are illuminating differentiation and disease in the gastric corpus
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Jan 9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00164.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSingle cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful technique to identify novel cell markers, developmental trajectories, and transcriptional changes during cell differentiation and during disease onset and progression. In this review, we highlight recent scRNA-seq studies of the gastric corpus in both human and murine systems that have provided insight into gastric organogenesis, identified novel markers for the various gastric lineages during development and in adults, and revealed transcriptiona...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mahliyah Adkins-Threats Yang-Zhe Huang Jason Mills Source Type: research

An inulin-type fructan CP-A from Codonopsis pilosula alleviates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis based on serum-untargeted metabolomics
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2024 Jan 9. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00214.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease with abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stool as the main symptoms. Several studies have confirmed that polysaccharides are effective against UC. It is commonly accepted that the traditional benefits of Radix Codonopsis can be attributed to its polysaccharide contents, and inulin-type fructan CP-A is the main active monomer in the polysaccharide components. Herein, we established a 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced UC rat model and lipopolys...
Source: Am J Physiol Gastroi... - January 9, 2024 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Jiangtao Zhou Jiajing Wang Deyun Li Zhijia Zhang Changjian Wang Xuepeng Zhang Xiexin Xu Jianping Gao Source Type: research