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BEST4 + cells in the intestinal epithelium
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Apr 1. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2024. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe recent development of single cell transcriptomics highlighted the existence of a new lineage of mature absorptive cells in the human intestinal epithelium. This subpopulation is characterized by the specific expression of Bestrophin 4 (BEST4) and of other marker genes including OTOP2, CA7, GUCA2A, GUCA2B, and SPIB. BEST4+ cells appear early in development and are present in all regions of the small and large intestine at a low abundance (<5% of all epithelial cells). Location-specific gene expression profiles in BES...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 1, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Tania Malonga Nathalie Vialaneix Martin Beaumont Source Type: research

Coculture with Colon-26 cancer cells decreases the protein synthesis rate and shifts energy metabolism towards glycolysis dominance in C2C12 myotubes
In this study, we investigated the direct effects of Colon-26 cancer cells on the molecular regulating machinery of muscle mass and its bioenergetics using a coculture system with C2C12 myotubes. Our results demonstrated that coculture with Colon-26 cells induced myotube atrophy and reduced skeletal muscle protein synthesis and its regulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signal transduction. However, we did not observe any activating effects on protein degradation pathways including ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems. From a bioenergetic perspective, coculture with Colon-26 cells decreased the C...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 1, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Yuki Tamura Karina Kouzaki Takaya Kotani Koichi Nakazato Source Type: research

A digoxin derivative that potently reduces intraocular pressure - efficacy and mechanism of action in different animal models
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Apr 1. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00617.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGlaucoma is a blinding disease. Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the mainstay of treatment, but current drugs show side-effects or become progressively ineffective, highlighting the need for novel compounds. We have synthesized a family of perhydro-1,4-oxazepine derivatives of digoxin, the selective inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase. The cyclobutyl derivative (DcB) displays strong selectivity for the human a2 isoform and potently reduces IOP in rabbits. These observations appeared consistent with a hypothesis that in cili...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 1, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Veluchamy Amutha Barathi Adriana Katz Shashikant Chaudhary Hoi-Lam Li Daniel M Tal Arie L Marcovich Chi-Wai Do Steven J D Karlish Source Type: research

β-adrenergic signaling drives structural and functional maturation of mouse cardiomyocytes
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Apr 1. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCardiac maturation represents the last phase of heart development and is characterized by morphofunctional alterations that optimize the heart for efficient pumping. Its understanding provides important insights into cardiac regeneration therapies. Recent evidence implies that adrenergic signals are involved in the regulation of cardiac maturation, but the mechanistic underpinnings involved in this process are poorly understood. Herein, we explored the role of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation in determining struct...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 1, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Marcos Eliezeck Itamar Couto Guedes Jesus Sergio A Scalzo Bruno de Lima Sanches Kaoma S C Silva Mateus Costa Thassio Mesquita Cibele Rocha-Resende Raphael E Szawka Silvia Guatimosim Source Type: research

Renal upregulation of NCC counteracts empagliflozin-mediated NHE3 inhibition in normotensive but not in hypertensive male rats
This study examined the effect of empagliflozin (EMPA) on renal tubular sodium transport in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). It also tested the hypothesis that EMPA-mediated PT NHE3 inhibition in normotensive rats is associated with upregulation of distal nephron apical sodium transporters. EMPA administration for 14 days reduced BP in 12-week-old SHRs but not in age-matched Wistar rats. PT NHE3 activity was inhibited by EMPA treatment in both Wistar and SHRs. In Wistar rats, EMPA increased NCC activity, mRNA expression, protein abundance, and phosphorylation levels, but not in SHRs. SHRs showed hig...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - April 1, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Paulo C Castro Thiago Matheus Santos-Rios Fl ávia Letícia Martins Renato O Crajoinas Marcos Vin ícius Caetano Luc ília M A Lessa Weverton Machado Luchi James A McCormick Adriana C C Girardi Source Type: research

Substance P promotes TGF- β-induced collagen synthesis in human corneal fibroblasts
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2024. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCorneal fibroblasts maintain homeostasis of the corneal stroma by mediating the synthesis and degradation of extracellular collagen, and these actions are promoted by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-1b (IL-1β), respectively. The cornea is densely innervated with sensory nerve fibers that are not only responsible for sensation but also required for physiological processes such as tear secretion and wound healing. Loss or dysfunction of corneal nerves thus impairs corneal epithelial wound healing and...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Koji Sugioka Teruo Nishida Junko Murakami Motoki Itahashi Mai Yunoki Shunji Kusaka Source Type: research

Advances in GPCRs: Structure, Mechanisms, Disease, and Pharmacology
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00172.2024. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38525538 | DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00172.2024 (Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...)
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Zeyu Cai Wei Kong Source Type: research

Regulation of renal aquaporin water channels in acute pyelonephritis
This study aimed to investigate if AQP2 expression in host cells increases UPEC infection efficiency and to identify specific bacterial components that mediate AQP2 plasma membrane insertion. Since the transepithelial water permeability in the collecting duct is co-determined by AQP3 and AQP4, we also investigated whether AQP3 and AQP4 localization is altered in the APN mouse model. We show that AQP2 expression does not increase UPEC infection efficiency and that AQP2 was targeted to the plasma membrane in AQP2 expressing cells in response to the two pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), lipopolysaccharide and pe...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Christina V Ernstsen Marianna Ranieri Fr édéric H Login Isra K Mahmoud Jacob R Therkildsen Giovanna Valenti Helle Praetorius Rikke N ørregaard Lene N Nejsum Source Type: research

The Role of Nano-systems in the Delivery of Glucose-lowering Drugs for the Pre-emption and Treatment of Diabetes-associated Atherosclerosis
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00695.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDiabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In recent decades, type-2 diabetes has become increasingly common, particularly in younger individuals. Diabetes leads to many vascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by lipid-rich plaques within the vasculature. Plaques develop over time, restricting blood flow; and can therefore be the underlying cause of major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Diabetes a...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Luke James Conroy Alyssa McCann Nan Zhang Monica de Gaetano Source Type: research

Adipose transplantation improves metabolism and atherosclerosis but not PVAT abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe null mice
In conclusion, we demonstrate that adipose transplantation could alleviate lipodystrophy-associated metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis, but has an almost null impact on perivascular adipose abnormality or vascular dysfunction in lipodystrophic Seipin/Apoe double knockout mice.PMID:38525541 | DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00698.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...)
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhe Meng Chuangxing Liu Mengke Xu Yongqiang Tao Haiyu Li Xijia Wang Jiawei Liao Mengyu Wang Source Type: research

Apelin regulates skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in a high intensity interval training (HIIT) model
In conclusion, apelin is required for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle adaptation to high intensity exercise. Promoting apelinergic signaling may have benefits in aging- or disease-related muscle wasting conditions.PMID:38525542 | DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.00427.2023 (Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph...)
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Teemu Kilpi ö Sini Skarp Abel Perjes Julia Swan Leena Kaikkonen Samu Saarimaki Istvan Szokodi Josef M Penninger Zoltan Szabo Johanna Magga Risto Kerkela Source Type: research

Intracellular Zn 2+ Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Dexamethasone-Treated Trabecular Meshwork
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2024 Mar 25. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00725.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGiven the widespread application of glucocorticoids in ophthalmology, the associated elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) has long been a vexing concern for clinicians, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Much of the discussion focuses on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of trabecular meshwork (TM). It's widely agreed that glucocorticoids impact the expression of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to ECM deposition. Since Zn2+ is vital for MMPs, we explored its role in ECM alterations induced by dex...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - March 25, 2024 Category: Cytology Authors: Canying Liu Jiahui Tang Yuze Chen Qi Zhang Jicheng Lin Siting Wu Jiaxu Han Zhe Liu Caiqing Wu Yehong Zhuo Yiqing Li Source Type: research