Toward a clearer understanding of what works to reduce gun violence: the role of falsification strategies
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae036. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae036. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStrong epidemiologic evidence from ecologic and individual-level studies in the United States supports the claim that access to firearms substantially increases the risk of dying by suicide, homicide, and firearm accidents. Less certain is how well particular interventions work to prevent these deaths and other firearm-related harms. Given the limits of existing data to study firearm violence, and the infeasibility of conducting randomized trials of firearm access, it is important to do the best we can with the data we already have....
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sonja A Swanson Matthew Miller Source Type: research
The Impact of Adjusting for Hysterectomy Prevalence on Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Among Women Aged 30 Years and Older - United States, 2001-2019
In this study, we estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to remove the women who were not at risk of cervical cancer from the denominator and combined these estimates with the United States Cancer Statistics data. From these data, we calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates for women aged >30 years from 2001-2019, adjusted for hysterectomy prevalence. We calculated the difference between unadjusted and adjusted incidence rates and examined trends by histology, age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region using Joinpoint regression. The hysterec...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sameer V Gopalani George F Sawaya Anne F Rositch Sabitha Dasari Trevor D Thompson Jacqueline M Mix Mona Saraiya Source Type: research
Multigenerational Association Between Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Nation-Wide Prospective Cohort Study
We examined the risk of grandchild autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with grandmother smoking during pregnancy, using data from 53,562 mothers and grandmothers, and 120,267 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II using nurse reporting in 1999 of her mother's smoking. Grandchildren's ASD diagnoses were reported by the mothers in 2005 and 2009. Among grandmothers, 13,383 (25.0%) smoked during pregnancy, and 509 (0.4%) grandchildren were diagnosed with ASD. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ASD for grandmother smoking during pregnancy was 1.52 (95% confidence limit [CI]: 1.06, 2.20). Results were similar with ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Gyeyoon Yim Andrea Roberts Kristen Lyall Alberto Ascherio Marc G Weisskopf Source Type: research
Methodological examination of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Weights were incorporated for each Score component; a continuous point scale was developed in place of the Score's fully discrete cut-points; and cut-point values were changed for physical activity and red meat based on evidence-based recommendations. Exploratory aims also examined the impact of separa...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marissa M Shams-White E Christi Thompson Raymond J Carroll Jill Reedy Source Type: research
Implementation impact assessment of Uber System on mortality from traffic injuries in Brazilian capitals
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae043. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae043. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid expansion of Uber System and e-hailing apps has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. The present work aims at evaluating the impact of Uber System on the traffic injury mortality (TI) in implementation in Brazilian capitals. A quasi-experimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analised. The date of availability of Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered as the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortal...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Érika Carvalho de Aquino Renato Rodrigues Silva Otaliba Lib ânio de Morais Neto Source Type: research
Influence of Incomplete Death Information on Cumulative Risk Estimates in United States Claims Data
We examined 1-, 3-, and 5-year inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted cumulative risks of a composite cardiovascular outcome among 34,527 initiators of telmisartan (exposure) and ramipril (referent) ages ≥55 in Optum claims from 2003 to 2020. Differences in cumulative risks of the cardiovascular endpoint due to censoring of death (cause-specific), as compared to treating death as a competing event (sub-distribution), increased with greater follow-up time and older age, where event and mortality risks were higher. Among ramipril users (selected results), 5-year cause-specific and sub-distribution cumulative risk estima...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Julie Barberio Ashley I Naimi Rachel E Patzer Christopher Kim Rohini K Hernandez M Alan Brookhart David Gilbertson Brian D Bradbury Timothy L Lash Source Type: research
Internal validation of gestational age estimation algorithms in healthcare databases using pregnancies conceived with fertility procedures
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae045. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae045. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFertility procedures recorded in healthcare databases can be used to estimate the start of pregnancy, which can serve as a reference standard to validate gestational age estimates based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. In a cohort of 17,398 pregnancies conceived by fertility procedures in MarketScan (2011-2020), we estimated gestational age at the end of pregnancy using algorithms based on (1) days since fertility procedure (the reference); (2) ICD-9/ICD-10 (before/after October 2015) codes indicating gestati...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yu-Han Chiu Krista F Huybrechts Yanmin Zhu Loreen Straub Brian T Bateman Roger Logan Sonia Hern ández-Díaz Source Type: research
Toward a clearer understanding of what works to reduce gun violence: the role of falsification strategies
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae036. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae036. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStrong epidemiologic evidence from ecologic and individual-level studies in the United States supports the claim that access to firearms substantially increases the risk of dying by suicide, homicide, and firearm accidents. Less certain is how well particular interventions work to prevent these deaths and other firearm-related harms. Given the limits of existing data to study firearm violence, and the infeasibility of conducting randomized trials of firearm access, it is important to do the best we can with the data we already have....
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sonja A Swanson Matthew Miller Source Type: research
The Impact of Adjusting for Hysterectomy Prevalence on Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Among Women Aged 30 Years and Older - United States, 2001-2019
In this study, we estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to remove the women who were not at risk of cervical cancer from the denominator and combined these estimates with the United States Cancer Statistics data. From these data, we calculated age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates for women aged >30 years from 2001-2019, adjusted for hysterectomy prevalence. We calculated the difference between unadjusted and adjusted incidence rates and examined trends by histology, age, race and ethnicity, and geographic region using Joinpoint regression. The hysterec...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Sameer V Gopalani George F Sawaya Anne F Rositch Sabitha Dasari Trevor D Thompson Jacqueline M Mix Mona Saraiya Source Type: research
Multigenerational Association Between Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Nation-Wide Prospective Cohort Study
We examined the risk of grandchild autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with grandmother smoking during pregnancy, using data from 53,562 mothers and grandmothers, and 120,267 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II using nurse reporting in 1999 of her mother's smoking. Grandchildren's ASD diagnoses were reported by the mothers in 2005 and 2009. Among grandmothers, 13,383 (25.0%) smoked during pregnancy, and 509 (0.4%) grandchildren were diagnosed with ASD. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ASD for grandmother smoking during pregnancy was 1.52 (95% confidence limit [CI]: 1.06, 2.20). Results were similar with ...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Gyeyoon Yim Andrea Roberts Kristen Lyall Alberto Ascherio Marc G Weisskopf Source Type: research
Methodological examination of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of methodological changes to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score on associations with risk for all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer risk jointly among older adults in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Weights were incorporated for each Score component; a continuous point scale was developed in place of the Score's fully discrete cut-points; and cut-point values were changed for physical activity and red meat based on evidence-based recommendations. Exploratory aims also examined the impact of separa...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marissa M Shams-White E Christi Thompson Raymond J Carroll Jill Reedy Source Type: research
Implementation impact assessment of Uber System on mortality from traffic injuries in Brazilian capitals
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 6:kwae043. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae043. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid expansion of Uber System and e-hailing apps has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. The present work aims at evaluating the impact of Uber System on the traffic injury mortality (TI) in implementation in Brazilian capitals. A quasi-experimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analised. The date of availability of Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered as the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortal...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 7, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Érika Carvalho de Aquino Renato Rodrigues Silva Otaliba Lib ânio de Morais Neto Source Type: research
Gallbladder cancer mortality in Chile: Has the government program targeting young gallstone patients had an impact?
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 3:kwae027. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae027. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38576158 | DOI:10.1093/aje/kwae027 (Source: Am J Epidemiol)
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 5, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Vicente Cid Claudio Vargas Iris Delgado Mauricio Apablaza Meredith S Shiels Allan Hildesheim Jill Koshiol Catterina Ferreccio Source Type: research
Antipsychotic drugs in first-episode psychosis: A target trial emulation in the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration
Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Apr 3:kwae029. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae029. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGood adherence to antipsychotic therapy helps prevent relapses in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). We used data from the FEP-CAUSAL Collaboration, an international consortium of observational cohorts to emulate a target trial comparing antipsychotics with treatment discontinuation as the primary outcome. Other outcomes included all-cause hospitalization. We benchmarked our results to estimates from EUFEST, a randomized trial conducted in the 2000s. We included 1097 patients with a psychotic disorder and less than 2 years since psychos...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 5, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Alejandro G Szmulewicz Gonzalo Mart ínez-Alés Roger Logan Maria Ferrara Christian Kelly Diane Fredrikson Juan Gago Sarah Conderino Covadonga M D íaz-Caneja Joaqu ín Galvañ Lorna Thorpe Vinod Srihari Lakshmi Yatham Deepak K Sarpal Ann K Shinn Celso Ar Source Type: research
Invited Commentary: Where Do the Causal DAGs Come From?
In conclusion I find that expert- or theory-driven model building might benefit from some more checking against the data and causal discovery could bring new ideas into old theories.PMID:38576172 | DOI:10.1093/aje/kwae028 (Source: Am J Epidemiol)
Source: Am J Epidemiol - April 5, 2024 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Vanessa Didelez Source Type: research
